Template:Team:Bonn:NetworkData

content.text= "Using light as a means of regulation is common in nature, as it is for example used to regulate the circadian rhythm of an organism and plays a key role in the phototropism of plants [18.1][18.2]. Through the linkage of peptides with photosensitive domains, regulation of gene expression and the induction of conformational changes in proteins via light can be achieved [18.3].</br><div class="content-image"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/4/44/Bonn-Light_1_-18.3-.jpg"> </br>The image gives and example of how linkage of a photosensitive domain with a desired protein can result in an inducible change of conformation and thus activity[18.3]</div> The use of light has many advantages. It brings with it a high spatiotemporal resolution and specificity, as it only interacts with the photosensitive domains[18.3][18.4]. Also the conformational changes in proteins induced by light occur in a matter of seconds and are also reversible[18.3]. For these reasons light is used as a method of induction in many fields where high specificity and resolution are needed, e.g. optogenetics [18.4].</br></br>In bigger organisms like mammals, the lighting of the intended cells can prove to be quite problematic, as there may be several layers of tissue the light has to penetrate. Furthermore, using light requires the modification of the amino acid sequence of the targeted peptide. These changes make the process of designing and building a functioning construct quite difficult and complex, as can be seen in the following diagram [18.3].<div class="content-image"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/7/71/Bonn-Light-2.JPG"> </br>The diagram shows how several constructs were designed, yet only one construct had the desired activity [18.5]</div></br><h3>References</h3><a href='http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150866'>[18.1] Figueiro, M.G.; Rea, M.S. (February 2010).: &quot;Lack of short-wavelength light during the school day delays dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) in middle school students&quot;. Neuro Endocrinology Letters 31 (1): 92–6. PMID 20150866.</a></br><a href='http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18952772'>[18.2] Han, I.-S, W. Eisinger, T.-S. Tseng, and W. R. Briggs, 2008.: &quot;Phytochrome A regulates the intracellular distribution of phototropin1-green fluorescent protein in Arabidopsis thaliana&quot; Plant Cell 20: 2835-2847.</a></br><a href='http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22520757'>[18.3] Lungu et al, April 20, 2012: &quot;Designing Photoswitchable Peptides Using the AsLOV2 Domain&quot; Chemistry and Biology 19, 507-517</a></br><a href='http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17643087'>[18.4] Zhang F, Aravanis AM, Adamantidis A, de Lecea L, Deisseroth K.: &quot;Circuit-breakers: optical technologies for probing neural signals and systems.&quot; Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007 Sep;8(9):732</a></br><a href='http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18667691'>[18.5] Devin Strickland et al., &quot;Light-activated DNA binding in a designed allosteric protein&quot;, PNAS, August 5, 2008 vol. 105 no. 31</a>";