Team:Kyoto/Humanpractice

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=Human Practices -To spread LIFESCIENCE throughout the world=
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=Human Practices<br> -To spread LIFESCIENCE throughout the world=
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<p>In 2010, iGEM Kyoto and other iGEM teams in Japan carried out an attitude survey towards genetically modifying and genetically engineering. We concluded that [https://2010.igem.org/Team:Kyoto/HumanPractice” It seems that people only have abstract and unclear image to this 'professional' technique. Genetic engineering is not still so common in Japan. And many people worry about safety. So engineers are desired to develop safety of biotechnology and spread knowledge about biotechnology.”] Considering this conclusion, it is important to enrich the people's knowledge on biotechnology when we want public people to accept biotechnology more. Therefore, we carried out these activities as below.</p>
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==Life Science Seminar in High School==
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==Introduction==
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<p>豊中高校に行って分子細胞生物学に関する講義と実験指導をおこなった
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よりライフサイエンスに親しんでもらえ、根底からの知識を実験という体験を交えて教育することができた
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このことはバイオテクノロジーに対する正しい理解をうむことになるだろう</p>
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ながーく書いてね 頼む<br>
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<br>
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<p> Toyonaka high school is a SSH (Super Science High School) and conduct programs to increase the number of students who learn university-level education in biology. As one of the programs, we held a seminar in Toyonaka high school at (###date###). In this seminar, we taught molecular biology and experiment to students. Through this activity, students seem to feel familiarity with life science and we could give essential knowledge through the experience of experiment. We believe that this activity can contribute to future understanding of biotechnology. </p>
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((改訂前)We held a seminar in Toyonaka high school at (###date###). In this seminar, we taught molecular biology and experiment to students. Through this activity, students seem to feel familiarity with life science and we could give essential knowledge through the experience of experiment. We believe that this activity can contribute to future understanding of biotechnology.
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This year,iGEM Kyoto carried out activities to enrich people's knowledge on biotechnology because in 2010 we and other iGEM teams in Japan carried out [https://2010.igem.org/Team:Kyoto/HumanPractice an attitude survey towards genetically modifying and genetically engineering]. From this survey, we concluded that it is important to enrich the people's knowledge on biotechnology when we want public people to accept biotechnology more. Therefore, we carried out these activities '''as below'''.
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あんまり長くならなかった(´・ω・`)よかったらだれか長くしてください)
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[[File:toyonaka.png]]<br>
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* [[#seminar|Life Science Seminar in High School]]
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* [[#nf|Poster session at the school festival]]
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* [[#symposium|The 3rd international symposium on liberal arts and general education in Kyoto University]]
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* [[#iss|International Student Seminar]]
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* [[#start|Join "START"]]
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==Poster session at the school festival==
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We had been carrying out these activities shown above in order to spread the basic ideas of biotechnology. However, we thought that there might be other reasons towards the fact that people are not positive to the achievements of them. Therefore, in order to determine the factors, we conducted a questionnaire.
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<p>Our University has a school festival called NF every year. This is one of the biggest events in our university and many people from all around Japan visit it.
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This year, iGEM Kyoto presented our project to these visitors by poster session, and this was actually broadcasted by a popular Japanese TV news program. Through this TV program, we were able to spread our activity to the general public, and succeeded in increasing general knowledge towards biotechnology and life science.</p>
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[[File:NF.png]]<br>
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==Methods==
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==The 4th international symposium on liberal arts and general education==
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;*<FONT size="3"><B><U>How to conduct questionnaire survey</U></B></FONT><br>
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<p>The 4th international symposium on liberal arts and general education is a large scale symposium where many students and public people visit. Therefore, is a good opportunity to enrich people's knowledge on biotechnology and life science to many people. Through presenting our iGEMs’ project here, we enriched people's understanding on life science. Additionally, we received the "Einstein" prize.</p>
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==International Student Seminar==
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In the beginning of this questionnaire, we asked answerers about their sex, country, age, religion, and profession. And, we investigated how these elements influence the answers of this questionnaire about gene modification. We conducted this survey to Japanese and non-japanese people. The countries where we conducted the questionnaire is listed below.
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iGEM Kyoto participated in ISS, short for International Student Seminar. In this seminar いっぱいいろんな人来たよ 外国人もいっぱい来たよ 英語でプロジェクトのプレゼンしたよ それを通していろんなひとのライフサイエンスに対する知識を増やしたよ
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このような活動を行ってきた。
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U.S.A.: Stanford, Davis/
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Germany: Goettingen/
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Japan: Kyoto, Nara, Shiga, Okinawa/
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※How to confirm significant differences<br>
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Chi-square test: To test statistically the difference between the expected frequency with the measured frequency.If calculated probability (p-value) is less than 0.05, significance is confirmed statistically.
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しかし、そういった活動を行ったが知識の差だけではなくほかにも要因があるのではないかという疑念が出てきた. We carried out these activities, however, we thought whether
 
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そこで、私たちはほかの要因を探るべくアンケート調査を行った。
 
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<br><br><br>
 
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<p>
 
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iGEM Kyoto participated in short for International Student Seminar(ISS). This is a seminer for young scientist from all over the world.  Men and women in all ages including many forigner  visited this seminar. We made presentation about our project in English. Through this project, we have given knowledge about life science to many people.</p>
 
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<p>We had been carrying out these activities. However, we have realized that there is another cause of the fact that people are not positive to accepting the fruits of biotechnology. Then, in order to unravel the cause, we conducted a questionnaire survey.</p>
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;*<FONT size="3"><B><U>Content</U></B></FONT><br>
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[[File:ISS.png]]<br>
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==アンケート調査方法==
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アンケートは選択肢形式にし、質問の初めに性別、出身国、年齢、宗教、職業を応えてもらい、それぞれの要素が回答にどのように影響してくるのかを調べた。また、外国人へのアンケートは、現地で実際に取ったほか、京都に来ている観光客からも集めた。(どこでやったか書く)
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アンケートは以下のものを使用した。<br><br>
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'''Questionnaire!!!!'''<br>
'''Questionnaire!!!!'''<br>
Q1 Have you ever thought about experiments using living things?<br>
Q1 Have you ever thought about experiments using living things?<br>
1 Yes
1 Yes
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2 No<br>
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2 No<br><br>
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Q2 Do you think these experiments using living-creatures are permissible?  Please give X as many as you think it is permissible. <br>
Q2 Do you think these experiments using living-creatures are permissible?  Please give X as many as you think it is permissible. <br>
1 check
1 check
Line 67: Line 50:
Q2.10 Subjects can be killed in the experiment, but it can advance science.<br>
Q2.10 Subjects can be killed in the experiment, but it can advance science.<br>
Q2.11 Subjects are not killed in the experiment but they never go back in nature. However, it can advance science.<br>
Q2.11 Subjects are not killed in the experiment but they never go back in nature. However, it can advance science.<br>
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Q2.12 Subjects are only observed in nature and it can advance science.<br>
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Q2.12 Subjects are only observed in nature and it can advance science.<br><br>
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Q3 How much do you know about genetically modifying (GM) technology?<br>
Q3 How much do you know about genetically modifying (GM) technology?<br>
1 I know well.
1 I know well.
2 I know only its name.
2 I know only its name.
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3 I do not know at all.<br>
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3 I do not know at all.<br><br>
Q4 Do you think modifying creature’s gene is ethically permissible or not?<br>
Q4 Do you think modifying creature’s gene is ethically permissible or not?<br>
1 Yes, we can modify every creatures’ gene.
1 Yes, we can modify every creatures’ gene.
2 Partly yes, some can be but others are not.
2 Partly yes, some can be but others are not.
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3 No, any living things’ gene cannot be modified.<br>
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3 No, any living things’ gene cannot be modified.<br><br>
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Q5 Who answered ‘partly yes’ to the fifth question, please answer this question. Which of these creatures’ gene can be modified? Please give X as many as you think it is permissible. <br>
Q5 Who answered ‘partly yes’ to the fifth question, please answer this question. Which of these creatures’ gene can be modified? Please give X as many as you think it is permissible. <br>
1 check
1 check
Line 86: Line 65:
Q5.6 chickens  Q5.7 mouse Q5.8 dog Q5.9 monkey Q5.10 human beings<br><br><br>
Q5.6 chickens  Q5.7 mouse Q5.8 dog Q5.9 monkey Q5.10 human beings<br><br><br>
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==Results==
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Q4.The impression of gene engining  and religious relief. <br><br><br>
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[https://2013.igem.org/Team:Kyoto/Humanpractice/Data (アンケートの結果)]<br><br><br>
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[[File:Q4..ping.png|900px|600px]]<br>
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Yes p=0.239 Partly yes p=0.378 No p=0.0118 <br>
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We checked the correlation between whether people have specific religion and their answers to Q4.<br>
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There is no significant difference between whether people have specific religion and the answer “YES/ Partly YES”.
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There is a significant difference between whether people have specific religion and the answer “NO”.<br>
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In conclusion, it seems that whether having specific religion can influence whether GM is ethically permissible or not.<br><br>
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[https://2013.igem.org/Team:Kyoto/Humanpractice/Data (All the results of the questionnaire)]<br>
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(result)
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[https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/6/67/Kyoto_questionnaire_raw.xls Download raw data(xls)]
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Q1<br><br>  
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<br><br><br>
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性別、職業で比較しても、目立った違いは見られなかった。
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==Conclusion==
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年齢で比較したところ、30代から60代の年齢層でyesの割合が高くなった。<br><br>
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In the result of the questionnaire we conducted in 2013, we can see the influence of religion. To the contrary, the effect of knowledge level is not observed. However, in the questionnaire in 2010, people’s attitude varied according to knowledge level. In this time, since our aim is to shed light on effect except for knowledge, we made fewer question to measure knowledge level. This is why a knowledge level made next to no difference to this survey. Learning from the result of the two survey, because we should not interfere with others’ religion, we have to give them knowledge about synthetic biology considering what each individual believe in.
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<br><br>
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Q2 <br><br>
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;*<FONT size="3"><B><U>Future Work</U></B></FONT><br><br>
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From the questionnaire we conducted, there seemed to be a difference in the tolerance of genetically modification, depending on the answers’ religion. Moreover, this difference may have generated not only from religion but also from the difference between region and culture. We would like to conduct surveys on factors such as region, culture, economic development, and so on, in order to find out which factor influence the tolerance.
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[[File:anke-to.png]]<br>
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この問いの解答基準は、動物実験で人類が得る利益とその実験で対象の動物が受ける苦痛のどちらを回答者が重要視するかということであろう。
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==Other Activities==
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”人命を救う”、”生活の役に立つ”、”科学の発展に寄与する”という3つの利益 について、動物実験が許されるかを聞いた。その結果、人命を救うための動物実験はほかの二つの利益のために行われる動物実験より許されると答えた人が明らかに多かった。 性別差については、男性の方が生物実験を認める人が多いことがわかり、男性は人類の利益を、女性は動物が受ける苦痛を重要視しているだろう。
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<html><a name="seminar"></a></html>
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職業、年齢で比較すると、目立った違いは見られなかった。
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===Life Science Seminar in High School===
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特に、Q1の”生物を使う実験について考えたことがあるか否か”で比較すると、ほとんど違いがみられなかった。 
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このことから、動物実験を考えたことがあるかが、この問いの解答基準(人類の利益と動物の苦痛のどちらを重視するか)に影響をあたえないと思われる。<br><br>  
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Toyonaka high school conducts some programs to increase the number of students who learn university-level biology.
 +
As one of the programs, we held a seminar in Toyonaka high school at (2013/1/12-13). In this seminar, we lectured molecular biology and experiments to the students.
 +
Through this activity, students seemed to feel a familiarity with life science and we were able to give essential knowledge.
 +
[[File:toyonaka.png]]<br>
 +
<html><a name="nf"></a></html>
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===Poster session at the school festival===
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問4 信仰の有無で <br><br><br>
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Our University has a school festival called NF every year. This is one of the biggest events in our university and many people from all around Japan visit it. This year, iGEM Kyoto presented our project to these visitors by poster session, and this was actually broadcasted by a popular Japanese TV news program (Mezamashi TV). Through this TV program, we were able to spread our activity to the general public, and succeeded in increasing general knowledge towards biotechnology and life science.
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[[File:NF.png]]
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Yes p=0.238593 Partly yes p=0.377508 No p=0.011818 <br>
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<html><a name="symposium"></a></html>
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Yes,Partly yes は有意差がない<br>
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===The 3rd international symposium on liberal arts and general education in Kyoto University===
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No は有意差があるといえる
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よって信仰の有無が許容度に影響を与えている可能性がある <br><br>
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Q5<br><br>
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The 3rd international symposium on liberal arts and general education is a large scale symposium where many students and public people visit.  Through presenting our project, we helped people understand life science. Additionally, we received the "Einstein" prize.
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性別、地域、宗教別にみた結果に大きな差が認められる。
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<html><a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/0/01/Kyoto_symposium.pdf">reference.pdf</a></html>
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性別差を見ると、男性の方が、女性より遺伝子組み換えを認めている。
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地域差を見ると、アジア圏の人々が、大腸菌や小麦といった生物に対する実験に約50%の人が許容すると答えており、ネズミは約35%、犬、猿は約20%近くが許容している。比較して、ヨーロッパ圏の人々の答えは、大腸菌と小麦はやはり高めだが、その他全ての動物が約15%の許容をしている。
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この傾向はキリスト教と仏教で比較したグラフの結果と似ている。また母数は少ないがアジアのキリスト教徒のグラフを見ると世界のキリスト教徒のグラフと似ている。このデータから私たちはこの違いは宗教によるものだと考えた。<br><br><br><br>  
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[[File:しんぽじうむ.png| 700px]]
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<html><a name="iss"></a></html>
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結論<br><br>
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===International Student Seminar===
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2013年のアンケートでは知識での差は出ず、宗教の差が出た。
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iGEM Kyoto participated in the International Student Seminar(ISS). This is a seminar for young scientist from all over the world. We made a presentation about our project in English. In this event, we spread our activity about life science to many people.
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しかし2010年のアンケートは知識の差が出ている。
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今回は合成生物学を受け入れる知識以外の理由を探る目的で、知識に関する問いを少なくしたので、知識の差が出なかった。
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2010と2013を踏まえて、私たちは誰かの信仰に干渉したり、私たちの考えを誰かに押し付けられないので、個人の信仰について配慮しながら、合成生物学についての知識を広めていくべきだ<br><br>
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<p> In the result of the questionnaire we conducted in 2013, we can see the influence of religion. To the contrary, the effect of knowledge level is not observed. However, in the questionnaire in 2010, people’s attitude vary according to knowledge level. In this time, since the aim is shed light on effect except for knowledge, we made fewer question to measure knowledge level. This is why knowledge level made next to no affection in this survey. Learning from the result of the two survey, because we should not interfere with others’ religion and opinion, we must disseminate information about biotechnology considering each individual person’s religion. </p>
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<br><br>
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[[File:ISS.png]]
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<html><a name="start"></a></html>
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===Join "START"===
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Future work<br><br> 
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iGEM Kyoto joined “START”, a party held in April and welcomed new students to make iGEM’s activities more common. START is a union which consists of 25 students’ organizations, and those 25 organizations encourage students to contribute to global society. For example, help students who want to study abroad, practice English to work in global society, and communicate with foreign universities.
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宗教と知識について深めて<br>
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教授の意見
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[[File:anke-to.png]]<br>
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Additionally, most of these organizations perform international scene or positively contribute to the society. Therefore, some famous companies or volunteer organizations visited this party. We advertised iGEM and succeeded in making synthetic biology more popular.
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[[File:start.png]]
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{{Template:Kyoto/footer}}
{{Template:Kyoto/footer}}

Latest revision as of 12:48, 10 October 2013

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Contents

Human Practices
-To spread LIFESCIENCE throughout the world

Introduction

This year,iGEM Kyoto carried out activities to enrich people's knowledge on biotechnology because in 2010 we and other iGEM teams in Japan carried out an attitude survey towards genetically modifying and genetically engineering. From this survey, we concluded that it is important to enrich the people's knowledge on biotechnology when we want public people to accept biotechnology more. Therefore, we carried out these activities as below.

We had been carrying out these activities shown above in order to spread the basic ideas of biotechnology. However, we thought that there might be other reasons towards the fact that people are not positive to the achievements of them. Therefore, in order to determine the factors, we conducted a questionnaire.

Methods

  • How to conduct questionnaire survey

In the beginning of this questionnaire, we asked answerers about their sex, country, age, religion, and profession. And, we investigated how these elements influence the answers of this questionnaire about gene modification. We conducted this survey to Japanese and non-japanese people. The countries where we conducted the questionnaire is listed below.

U.S.A.: Stanford, Davis/ Germany: Goettingen/ Japan: Kyoto, Nara, Shiga, Okinawa/

※How to confirm significant differences
Chi-square test: To test statistically the difference between the expected frequency with the measured frequency.If calculated probability (p-value) is less than 0.05, significance is confirmed statistically.


  • Content

Questionnaire!!!!
Q1 Have you ever thought about experiments using living things?
1 Yes 2 No

Q2 Do you think these experiments using living-creatures are permissible? Please give X as many as you think it is permissible.
1 check 2 no check
Q2.1 Subjects are killed in the experiment, but it can save people in disease.
Q2.2 Subjects can be killed in the experiment, but it can save people in disease.
Q2.3 Subjects are not killed in the experiment but they never go back in nature. However, it can save people in disease.
Q2.4 Subjects are only observed in nature and it can save people in disease.
Q2.5 Subjects are killed in the experiment, but it can improve our life.
Q2.6 Subjects can be killed in the experiment, but it can improve our life.
Q2.7 Subjects are not killed in the experiment but they never go back in nature. However, it can improve our life.
Q2.8 Subjects are only observed in nature and it can improve our life.
Q2.9 Subjects are killed in the experiment, but it can advance science.
Q2.10 Subjects can be killed in the experiment, but it can advance science.
Q2.11 Subjects are not killed in the experiment but they never go back in nature. However, it can advance science.
Q2.12 Subjects are only observed in nature and it can advance science.

Q3 How much do you know about genetically modifying (GM) technology?
1 I know well. 2 I know only its name. 3 I do not know at all.

Q4 Do you think modifying creature’s gene is ethically permissible or not?
1 Yes, we can modify every creatures’ gene. 2 Partly yes, some can be but others are not. 3 No, any living things’ gene cannot be modified.

Q5 Who answered ‘partly yes’ to the fifth question, please answer this question. Which of these creatures’ gene can be modified? Please give X as many as you think it is permissible.
1 check 2 no check
Q5.1 Bacteria  Q5.2 wheat Q5.3 honeybee Q5.4 killifish  Q5.5 frog Q5.6 chickens  Q5.7 mouse Q5.8 dog Q5.9 monkey Q5.10 human beings


Results

Q4.The impression of gene engining and religious relief.


Q4..ping.png
Yes p=0.239 Partly yes p=0.378 No p=0.0118
We checked the correlation between whether people have specific religion and their answers to Q4.
There is no significant difference between whether people have specific religion and the answer “YES/ Partly YES”. There is a significant difference between whether people have specific religion and the answer “NO”.
In conclusion, it seems that whether having specific religion can influence whether GM is ethically permissible or not.

(All the results of the questionnaire)

Download raw data(xls)




Conclusion

In the result of the questionnaire we conducted in 2013, we can see the influence of religion. To the contrary, the effect of knowledge level is not observed. However, in the questionnaire in 2010, people’s attitude varied according to knowledge level. In this time, since our aim is to shed light on effect except for knowledge, we made fewer question to measure knowledge level. This is why a knowledge level made next to no difference to this survey. Learning from the result of the two survey, because we should not interfere with others’ religion, we have to give them knowledge about synthetic biology considering what each individual believe in.

  • Future Work

From the questionnaire we conducted, there seemed to be a difference in the tolerance of genetically modification, depending on the answers’ religion. Moreover, this difference may have generated not only from religion but also from the difference between region and culture. We would like to conduct surveys on factors such as region, culture, economic development, and so on, in order to find out which factor influence the tolerance. Anke-to.png

Other Activities

Life Science Seminar in High School

Toyonaka high school conducts some programs to increase the number of students who learn university-level biology. As one of the programs, we held a seminar in Toyonaka high school at (2013/1/12-13). In this seminar, we lectured molecular biology and experiments to the students. Through this activity, students seemed to feel a familiarity with life science and we were able to give essential knowledge.

Toyonaka.png

Poster session at the school festival

Our University has a school festival called NF every year. This is one of the biggest events in our university and many people from all around Japan visit it. This year, iGEM Kyoto presented our project to these visitors by poster session, and this was actually broadcasted by a popular Japanese TV news program (Mezamashi TV). Through this TV program, we were able to spread our activity to the general public, and succeeded in increasing general knowledge towards biotechnology and life science.

NF.png

The 3rd international symposium on liberal arts and general education in Kyoto University

The 3rd international symposium on liberal arts and general education is a large scale symposium where many students and public people visit. Through presenting our project, we helped people understand life science. Additionally, we received the "Einstein" prize.

reference.pdf

しんぽじうむ.png

International Student Seminar

iGEM Kyoto participated in the International Student Seminar(ISS). This is a seminar for young scientist from all over the world. We made a presentation about our project in English. In this event, we spread our activity about life science to many people.

ISS.png

Join "START"

iGEM Kyoto joined “START”, a party held in April and welcomed new students to make iGEM’s activities more common. START is a union which consists of 25 students’ organizations, and those 25 organizations encourage students to contribute to global society. For example, help students who want to study abroad, practice English to work in global society, and communicate with foreign universities.

Additionally, most of these organizations perform international scene or positively contribute to the society. Therefore, some famous companies or volunteer organizations visited this party. We advertised iGEM and succeeded in making synthetic biology more popular.

Start.png