http://2013.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:TU-Munich/Project/Safety&feed=atom&action=historyTeam:TU-Munich/Project/Safety - Revision history2024-03-29T14:37:21ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.16.5http://2013.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:TU-Munich/Project/Safety&diff=350402&oldid=prevJohannaB: /* References */2013-10-28T19:28:42Z<p><span class="autocomment">References</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.cabi.org/cabreviews/FullTextPDF/2003/20033177371.pdf Commandeur et al., 2003]] The biosafety of molecular farming in plants. AgBiotechNet 2003, Vol. 5 April, ABN 110</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.cabi.org/cabreviews/FullTextPDF/2003/20033177371.pdf Commandeur et al., 2003]] The biosafety of molecular farming in plants. AgBiotechNet 2003, Vol. 5 April, ABN 110</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1660141 Dale and Ow, 1991]] Gene transfer with subsequent removal of the selection gene from the host genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">U S A</del>. 88(23):10558-62</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1660141 Dale and Ow, 1991]] Gene transfer with subsequent removal of the selection gene from the host genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">USA</ins>. 88(23):10558-62</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16026881 Hartenbach & Fussenegger, 2005]] Autoregulated, bidirectional and multicistronic gas-inducible mammalian as well as lentiviral expression vectors. J Biotechnol. 120(1):83-98</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16026881 Hartenbach & Fussenegger, 2005]] Autoregulated, bidirectional and multicistronic gas-inducible mammalian as well as lentiviral expression vectors. J Biotechnol. 120(1): 83-98</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2963825/ Osma et al., 2010]] Uses of Laccases in the Food Industry. Enzyme Research, 2010: 918761</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2963825/ Osma et al., 2010]] Uses of Laccases in the Food Industry. Enzyme Research, 2010: 918761</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014579310002462 Wiedemann et al, 2010]] Targeted knock-out of a gene encoding sulfite reductase in the moss Physcomitrella patens affects gametophytic and sporophytic development. FEBS Letters. 548(11): 2271–2278</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014579310002462 Wiedemann et al, 2010]] Targeted knock-out of a gene encoding sulfite reductase in the moss Physcomitrella patens affects gametophytic and sporophytic development. FEBS Letters. 548(11): 2271–2278</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22366317 Zakeri et al., 2012]] Peptide tag forming a rapid covalent bond to a protein, through engineering a bacterial adhesin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 109(12):E690-7</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22366317 Zakeri et al., 2012]] Peptide tag forming a rapid covalent bond to a protein, through engineering a bacterial adhesin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 109(12): E690-7</div></td></tr>
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</table>JohannaBhttp://2013.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:TU-Munich/Project/Safety&diff=350394&oldid=prevJohannaB: /* References */2013-10-28T19:27:56Z<p><span class="autocomment">References</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2982853/ Berends et al., 2010]] <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Berends, E.T.M., Horswill, A.R., Haste, N.M., Monestier, M., Nizet, V., von Köckritz-Blickwede, M. (2010). </del>Nuclease Expression by Staphylococcus aureus Facilitates Escape from Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. J Innate Immun. 2(6): 576–586<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. <br></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2982853/ Berends et al., 2010]] Nuclease Expression by Staphylococcus aureus Facilitates Escape from Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. J Innate Immun. 2(6): 576–586</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.cabi.org/cabreviews/FullTextPDF/2003/20033177371.pdf Commandeur et al., 2003]] <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Commandeur, U., Tywman, R.M., Fischer, R. (2003). </del>The biosafety of molecular farming in plants. AgBiotechNet 2003, Vol. 5 April, ABN 110 <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1660141 Dale and Ow, 1991]] <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Dale, E.C. and Ow, D.W. (1991). </del>Gene transfer with subsequent removal of the selection gene from the host genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 88(23):10558-62<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. <br></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.cabi.org/cabreviews/FullTextPDF/2003/20033177371.pdf Commandeur et al., 2003]] The biosafety of molecular farming in plants. AgBiotechNet 2003, Vol. 5 April, ABN 110</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16026881 Hartenbach & Fussenegger, 2005]] <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Hartenbach, S. and Fussenegger,M. (2005). </del>Autoregulated, bidirectional and multicistronic gas-inducible mammalian as well as lentiviral expression vectors. J Biotechnol. 120(1):83-98<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. <br></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2963825/ Osma et al., 2010]] <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Osma, J.F., Toca-Herrera, J.L., Rodriguez-Couto, S.(2010). </del>Uses of Laccases in the Food Industry. Enzyme Research, 2010: 918761 <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1660141 Dale and Ow, 1991]] Gene transfer with subsequent removal of the selection gene from the host genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 88(23):10558-62</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014579310002462 Wiedemann et al, 2010]] <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Wiedemann, G. Hermsen, C., Melzer, M,. Büttner-Mainik, A., Rennenberg, H., Reski, R., Kopriva, S. (2010). </del>Targeted knock-out of a gene encoding sulfite reductase in the moss Physcomitrella patens affects gametophytic and sporophytic development. FEBS Letters. 548(11): 2271–2278<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. <br></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22366317 Zakeri et al., 2012]] <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Zakeri, B., Fierer, J.O., Celik, E., Chittock, E.C., Schwarz-Linek, U., Moy, V.T., Howarth, M.(2012). </del>Peptide tag forming a rapid covalent bond to a protein, through engineering a bacterial adhesin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 109(12):E690-7<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16026881 Hartenbach & Fussenegger, 2005]] Autoregulated, bidirectional and multicistronic gas-inducible mammalian as well as lentiviral expression vectors. J Biotechnol. 120(1):83-98</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2963825/ Osma et al., 2010]] Uses of Laccases in the Food Industry. Enzyme Research, 2010: 918761</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014579310002462 Wiedemann et al, 2010]] Targeted knock-out of a gene encoding sulfite reductase in the moss Physcomitrella patens affects gametophytic and sporophytic development. FEBS Letters. 548(11): 2271–2278</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22366317 Zakeri et al., 2012]] Peptide tag forming a rapid covalent bond to a protein, through engineering a bacterial adhesin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 109(12):E690-7</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><!-- Ende des Inhalts --></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><!-- Ende des Inhalts --></div></td></tr>
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</table>JohannaBhttp://2013.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:TU-Munich/Project/Safety&diff=350375&oldid=prevJohannaB: /* Labsafety */2013-10-28T19:26:04Z<p><span class="autocomment">Labsafety</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The lab we work in is classified as BSL 1 (biosafety level 1), according to the [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0054:en:NOT|European Union Directive 2000/54/EG] and the German "Gesetz zur Regelung der Gentechnik ([http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gentg/| GenTG])" (law for the regulation of genetic engineering). There is a total of four Biosafety levels, with BSL 1 being the lowest and BSL 4 being the highest. This classification of the respective Biosafety levels is very similar to the one given in the [http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/en/Biosafety7.pdf| World Health Organization (WHO) Laboratory Biosafety Manual]. Work inside a BSL 1 lab, such as ours, involves no devices that are potentially harmful to the researchers if they act according to the general precautionary measures. Especially, no pathogenic organisms are used. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The lab we work in is classified as BSL 1 (biosafety level 1), according to the [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0054:en:NOT|European Union Directive 2000/54/EG] and the German "Gesetz zur Regelung der Gentechnik ([http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gentg/| GenTG])" (law for the regulation of genetic engineering). There is a total of four Biosafety levels, with BSL 1 being the lowest and BSL 4 being the highest. This classification of the respective Biosafety levels is very similar to the one given in the [http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/en/Biosafety7.pdf| World Health Organization (WHO) Laboratory Biosafety Manual]. Work inside a BSL 1 lab, such as ours, involves no devices that are potentially harmful to the researchers if they act according to the general precautionary measures. Especially, no pathogenic organisms are used. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>A regular safety briefing and a lecture about the legal basics concerning biotechnology and genetic engineering are basic elements of our education at TU Munich. In this context, the handling of biological material, dangerous aspects of chemicals and the circumstances and protocols at the lab we work in are explained. Additionally a special safety briefing was held for all iGEM students by Dr. Martin Schlapschy who is <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </del>responsible for <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">lab </del>safety in Prof. Skerras lab.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>A regular safety briefing and a lecture about the legal basics concerning biotechnology and genetic engineering are basic elements of our education at TU Munich. In this context, the handling of biological material, dangerous aspects of chemicals and the circumstances and protocols at the lab we work in are explained. Additionally a special safety briefing was held for all iGEM students by Dr. Martin Schlapschy<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>who is responsible for safety in Prof. Skerras lab.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>All of us have worked in laboratories before and have experience with biological parts and chemicals. When we are unsure about the safety measures that have to be taken when handling certain chemicals and devices, we always have the support of our instructors and the researchers working at Prof. Skerras lab. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>All of us have worked in laboratories before and have experience with biological parts and chemicals. When we are unsure about the safety measures that have to be taken when handling certain chemicals and devices, we always have the support of our instructors and the researchers working at Prof. Skerras lab. </div></td></tr>
</table>JohannaBhttp://2013.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:TU-Munich/Project/Safety&diff=349790&oldid=prevJohannaB: /* Biosecurity */2013-10-28T18:42:03Z<p><span class="autocomment">Biosecurity</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Biosecurity==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Biosecurity==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Biosecurity is the prevention of loss, theft, misuse, diversion or intentional release of pathogens and toxins. ''Physcomitrella'' itself is in no way pathogenic and is endemic to many parts of the world. However, just like with every transgenic organism, there is the theoretical possibility to use ''Physcomitrella'' to cause harm, e.g. when it is used to secrete toxic substances. Nevertheless, other organisms which have for example shorter generation times or are pathogenic by nature seem to be more appropriate for such dual-use applications. Additionally, none of the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">transgenic plants (listed </del>[https://2013.igem.org/Team:TU-Munich/Results/GM-Moss#Transgenic_Physcomitrella_patnes_plants| <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">here]) that </del>we <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">have </del>created could be used to cause harm.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Biosecurity is the prevention of loss, theft, misuse, diversion or intentional release of pathogens and toxins. ''Physcomitrella'' itself is in no way pathogenic and is endemic to many parts of the world. However, just like with every transgenic organism, there is the theoretical possibility to use ''Physcomitrella'' to cause harm, e.g. when it is used to secrete toxic substances. Nevertheless, other organisms which have for example shorter generation times or are pathogenic by nature seem to be more appropriate for such dual-use applications. Additionally, none of the [https://2013.igem.org/Team:TU-Munich/Results/GM-Moss#Transgenic_Physcomitrella_patnes_plants| <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">transgenic plants </ins>we created<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] </ins>could be used to cause harm.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Labsafety==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Labsafety==</div></td></tr>
</table>JohannaBhttp://2013.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:TU-Munich/Project/Safety&diff=349773&oldid=prevJohannaB: /* Biosecurity */2013-10-28T18:40:39Z<p><span class="autocomment">Biosecurity</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Biosecurity==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Biosecurity==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Biosecurity is the prevention of loss, theft, misuse, diversion or intentional release of pathogens and toxins. ''Physcomitrella'' itself is in no way pathogenic and is endemic to many parts of the world. However, just like with every transgenic organism, there is the theoretical possibility to use ''Physcomitrella'' to cause harm, e.g. when it is used to secrete toxic substances. Nevertheless, other organisms which have for example shorter generation times or are pathogenic by nature seem to be more appropriate for such dual-use applications. Additionally, none of the transgenic plants [https://2013.igem.org/Team:TU-Munich/Results/GM-Moss#Transgenic_Physcomitrella_patnes_plants| <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(listed </del>here<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</del>] that we have created could be used to cause harm.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Biosecurity is the prevention of loss, theft, misuse, diversion or intentional release of pathogens and toxins. ''Physcomitrella'' itself is in no way pathogenic and is endemic to many parts of the world. However, just like with every transgenic organism, there is the theoretical possibility to use ''Physcomitrella'' to cause harm, e.g. when it is used to secrete toxic substances. Nevertheless, other organisms which have for example shorter generation times or are pathogenic by nature seem to be more appropriate for such dual-use applications. Additionally, none of the transgenic plants <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(listed </ins>[https://2013.igem.org/Team:TU-Munich/Results/GM-Moss#Transgenic_Physcomitrella_patnes_plants| here]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">) </ins>that we have created could be used to cause harm.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Labsafety==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Labsafety==</div></td></tr>
</table>JohannaBhttp://2013.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:TU-Munich/Project/Safety&diff=349769&oldid=prevJohannaB: /* Light-triggered Killswitch */2013-10-28T18:39:56Z<p><span class="autocomment">Light-triggered Killswitch</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>====Light-triggered Killswitch====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>====Light-triggered Killswitch====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In order to prevent our moss from escaping into the environment, we have included a light-triggered killswitch. When exposed to red-light, a nuclease system is activated which destroys all genetic material, killing the moss and preventing the spread of genetic material of the moss. With this genetic circuit it would be possible to create an niche for the transgenic moss by just covering an area with a blue filter foil. For more information, look at the [https://2013.igem.org/Team:TU-Munich/Project/Killswitch killswitch page]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In order to prevent our moss from escaping into the environment, we have included a light-triggered killswitch. When exposed to red-light, a nuclease system is activated which destroys all genetic material, killing the moss and preventing the spread of genetic material of the moss. With this genetic circuit it would be possible to create an niche for the transgenic moss by just covering an area with a blue filter foil. For more information, look at the [https://2013.igem.org/Team:TU-Munich/Project/Killswitch killswitch page]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Biosecurity==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Biosecurity==</div></td></tr>
</table>JohannaBhttp://2013.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:TU-Munich/Project/Safety&diff=349762&oldid=prevJohannaB: /* Biosafety */2013-10-28T18:39:14Z<p><span class="autocomment">Biosafety</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>''Biosafety deals with the prevention of unintented exposure to pathogens and toxins, or their accidental release'' [[http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/Biosafety7.pdf WHO]]. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>''Biosafety deals with the prevention of unintented exposure to pathogens and toxins, or their accidental release'' [[http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/Biosafety7.pdf WHO]]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:TUM13 Safety ebenen.jpg|thumb|right|350px| '''Figure 1''': The three main parts of our safety system]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:TUM13 Safety ebenen.jpg|thumb|right|350px| '''Figure 1''': The three main parts of our safety system]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Biosafety to us means minimizing the risks concering the team working in the lab, the general public and the environment. ''Physcomitrella'' itself does not pose any risks to the health of the researcher or the general public, since it is endemic to many parts of the world <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[Source]</del>. In the lab, we are able to cultivate our moss in bioreactors in which the flow of substances is tightly controlled. They can even be used for the production of therapeutic proteins <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[</del>[http://www.greenovation.com/ greenovation]<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</del>. For usage in a sewage plant, such reactors could be upscaled and special filter systems could be applied to ensure that no moss can escape into the environment. However, our long-term goal is to use moss filters '''in''' polluted environments but at the same time ensuring the highest level of biological safety. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Biosafety to us means minimizing the risks concering the team working in the lab, the general public and the environment. ''Physcomitrella'' itself does not pose any risks to the health of the researcher or the general public, since it is endemic to many parts of the world. In the lab, we are able to cultivate our moss in bioreactors in which the flow of substances is tightly controlled. They can even be used for the production of therapeutic proteins<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, as done by the </ins>[http://www.greenovation.com/ greenovation] <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">company</ins>. For usage in a sewage plant, such reactors could be upscaled and special filter systems could be applied to ensure that no moss can escape into the environment. However, our long-term goal is to use moss filters '''in''' polluted environments but at the same time ensuring the highest level of biological safety. </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>We believe that the main biosafety-issues that have to be addressed regarding our project are</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>We believe that the main biosafety-issues that have to be addressed regarding our project are</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>====Preventing vertical gene transfer with non-sporulating ''Physcomitrella'' strains ====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>====Preventing vertical gene transfer with non-sporulating ''Physcomitrella'' strains ====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:TUM13 knockoutmoss.jpg|thumb|right|350px| '''Figure 2''': Sporophytes of P. patens WT (A) and DSiR1 (B–D) lines 8 weeks after induction of sporulation. The spores of WT plants develop until they are mature in the spore capsules which then tear open and set free the spores. In the DSiR1 lines the spore capsules crack open when the spores inside are still immature, Wiedemann et al, 2010]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:TUM13 knockoutmoss.jpg|thumb|right|350px| '''Figure 2''': Sporophytes of P. patens WT (A) and DSiR1 (B–D) lines 8 weeks after induction of sporulation. The spores of WT plants develop until they are mature in the spore capsules which then tear open and set free the spores. In the DSiR1 lines the spore capsules crack open when the spores inside are still immature, Wiedemann et al<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins>, 2010]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In order to prevent vertical gene transfer and to limit the spread of the moss in the environment, we looked for strains which are not able to form mature spores. ''P. patens'' is monoicous, meaning that male and female organs are produced in one plant. Normally, at the tips of adult gametophores the sexual organs, antheridia (male) and archegonia (female), are produced under inducing conditions. After fertilisation of the egg inside the archegonium a sporophyte develops which contains approx. 5000 spores. A possible way to inhibit successful germination of these spores is to knock out the enzyme sulfite reductase 1 (SiR1). This protein reduces sulfite to sulfide and is involved in sulfur metabolism. [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014579310002462 Wiedemann et al, 2010]] disrupted PpSiR1 by homologous recombination and found that ΔSiR1 plants showed strong developmental alterations and are unable to produce mature spores. In the ΔSiR1 lines, only one third of the number of sporophytes was formed, the spore capsules cracked open when the spores inside were still immature and these mutant spores did not germinate. Since it takes more time to establish a mature culture with the knock-out mutants and considering the limited time in iGEM competitions, we did not actually use this mutant in our experiments for iGEM. However, the mutant can easily be ordered from the [http://www.moss-stock-center.org/| International Moss Stock Center]. A consideration for the future would be to design the integration vector in a way that targeted gene knockouts in the disulfite reductase gene are possible, thus inhibiting sporulation and having a targeted integration of constructs.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In order to prevent vertical gene transfer and to limit the spread of the moss in the environment, we looked for strains which are not able to form mature spores. ''P. patens'' is monoicous, meaning that male and female organs are produced in one plant. Normally, at the tips of adult gametophores the sexual organs, antheridia (male) and archegonia (female), are produced under inducing conditions. After fertilisation of the egg inside the archegonium a sporophyte develops which contains approx. 5000 spores. A possible way to inhibit successful germination of these spores is to knock out the enzyme sulfite reductase 1 (SiR1). This protein reduces sulfite to sulfide and is involved in sulfur metabolism. [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014579310002462 Wiedemann et al<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins>, 2010]] disrupted PpSiR1 by homologous recombination and found that ΔSiR1 plants showed strong developmental alterations and are unable to produce mature spores. In the ΔSiR1 lines, only one third of the number of sporophytes was formed, the spore capsules cracked open when the spores inside were still immature and these mutant spores did not germinate. Since it takes more time to establish a mature culture with the knock-out mutants and considering the limited time in iGEM competitions, we did not actually use this mutant in our experiments for iGEM. However, the mutant can easily be ordered from the [http://www.moss-stock-center.org/| International Moss Stock Center]. A consideration for the future would be to design the integration vector in a way that targeted gene knockouts in the disulfite reductase gene are possible, thus inhibiting sporulation and having a targeted integration of constructs.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>====Horizontal gene transfer====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>====Horizontal gene transfer====</div></td></tr>
</table>JohannaBhttp://2013.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:TU-Munich/Project/Safety&diff=346196&oldid=prevFlorianA: /* Safety precautions during molecular biology experiments */2013-10-28T13:58:23Z<p><span class="autocomment">Safety precautions during molecular biology experiments</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#In every laboratory of molecular biology, specific chemicals are required for the staining of DNA, in order to make it visible on agarose gels. Most of them directly intercalate into double-stranded DNA, making them carcinogenic. The substance we use is ethidium bromide. To prevent skin contact, we wear protective gloves made from nitrile rubber and change them frequently to prevent contamination. All gels and materials that come into contact with ethidium bromide are disposed of separately. This is done in order to prevent their unintended leakage into the environment with subsequent harm to humans, animals and plants. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#In every laboratory of molecular biology, specific chemicals are required for the staining of DNA, in order to make it visible on agarose gels. Most of them directly intercalate into double-stranded DNA, making them carcinogenic. The substance we use is ethidium bromide. To prevent skin contact, we wear protective gloves made from nitrile rubber and change them frequently to prevent contamination. All gels and materials that come into contact with ethidium bromide are disposed of separately. This is done in order to prevent their unintended leakage into the environment with subsequent harm to humans, animals and plants. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#Methods of molecular biology often require strong acids or bases, like hydrochloric acid, or toxic substances such as methanol. We handle them with extreme caution under a fume hood and dispose of them separately.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#Methods of molecular biology often require strong acids or bases, like hydrochloric acid, or toxic substances such as methanol. We handle them with extreme caution under a fume hood and dispose of them separately.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#Many devices in the lab can be potentially dangerous towards researchers if they are used carelessly or in the wrong way. One example for this are lamps emitting ultraviolet radiation, which can cause damage to the eyes. When dealing with UV radiation, we always wear safety helmets made out of plexiglas. We are aware of the potential harm caused by devices that we are using and thus can protect ourselves appropriately.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#Many devices in the lab can be potentially dangerous towards researchers if they are used carelessly or in the wrong way. One example for this are lamps emitting ultraviolet radiation, which can cause damage to the eyes. When dealing with UV radiation, we always wear safety helmets made out of plexiglas. We are aware of the potential harm caused by devices that we are using and thus can protect ourselves appropriately.</div></td></tr>
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</table>FlorianAhttp://2013.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:TU-Munich/Project/Safety&diff=346189&oldid=prevFlorianA: /* Safety precautions during molecular biology experiments */2013-10-28T13:57:54Z<p><span class="autocomment">Safety precautions during molecular biology experiments</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Just like in every other biochemical laboratory, there are substances and devices in our lab which are potentially dangerous. Here are three examples of how these situations are handled in our lab.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Just like in every other biochemical laboratory, there are substances and devices in our lab which are potentially dangerous. Here are three examples of how these situations are handled in our lab.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1. </del>In every laboratory of molecular biology, specific chemicals are required for the staining of DNA, in order to make it visible on agarose gels. Most of them directly intercalate into double-stranded DNA, making them carcinogenic. The substance we use is ethidium bromide. To prevent skin contact, we wear protective gloves made from nitrile rubber and change them frequently to prevent contamination. All gels and materials that come into contact with ethidium bromide are disposed of separately. This is done in order to prevent their unintended leakage into the environment with subsequent harm to humans, animals and plants. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#</ins>In every laboratory of molecular biology, specific chemicals are required for the staining of DNA, in order to make it visible on agarose gels. Most of them directly intercalate into double-stranded DNA, making them carcinogenic. The substance we use is ethidium bromide. To prevent skin contact, we wear protective gloves made from nitrile rubber and change them frequently to prevent contamination. All gels and materials that come into contact with ethidium bromide are disposed of separately. This is done in order to prevent their unintended leakage into the environment with subsequent harm to humans, animals and plants. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2. </del>Methods of molecular biology often require strong acids or bases, like hydrochloric acid, or toxic substances such as methanol. We handle them with extreme caution under a fume hood and dispose of them separately.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#</ins>Methods of molecular biology often require strong acids or bases, like hydrochloric acid, or toxic substances such as methanol. We handle them with extreme caution under a fume hood and dispose of them separately.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3. </del>Many devices in the lab can be potentially dangerous towards researchers if they are used carelessly or in the wrong way. One example for this are lamps emitting ultraviolet radiation, which can cause damage to the eyes. When dealing with UV radiation, we always wear safety helmets made out of plexiglas. We are aware of the potential harm caused by devices that we are using and thus can protect ourselves appropriately. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#</ins>Many devices in the lab can be potentially dangerous towards researchers if they are used carelessly or in the wrong way. One example for this are lamps emitting ultraviolet radiation, which can cause damage to the eyes. When dealing with UV radiation, we always wear safety helmets made out of plexiglas. We are aware of the potential harm caused by devices that we are using and thus can protect ourselves appropriately.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Safety Forms==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Safety Forms==</div></td></tr>
</table>FlorianAhttp://2013.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:TU-Munich/Project/Safety&diff=346121&oldid=prevFlorianA at 13:49, 28 October 20132013-10-28T13:49:41Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The most obvious safety threat is that the recombinant proteins might be toxic and thus have a negative effect on the environment. This is the foundation of our safety consideration - that the products from all parts and genetic circuits must not cause harm by themselves. All our effector proteins (laccase, catechol-2,3-dioxygenase, erythromycin esterase B) are all from S1 organisms and are not toxic. For example, laccases are already used in the food industry [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2963825/ Osma et al., 2010]]. For the establishment of a eukaryotic expression system, we are also using parts of mammalian origin and from S2-organisms (see safety forms below). We have made the decisions to use parts from S2 organism carefully and only after consulting our safety officer. He could ensure us that the parts and circuits we are using do not pose any threat. When possible, we have tried to substitute parts from S2 organisms with parts from S1 organisms. All of the parts we are using (such as a polioviral internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and the Ig-Kappa secretion signal from mouse) are widely used in molecular biology laboratories all around the world and are considered safe.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The most obvious safety threat is that the recombinant proteins might be toxic and thus have a negative effect on the environment. This is the foundation of our safety consideration - that the products from all parts and genetic circuits must not cause harm by themselves. All our effector proteins (laccase, catechol-2,3-dioxygenase, erythromycin esterase B) are all from S1 organisms and are not toxic. For example, laccases are already used in the food industry [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2963825/ Osma et al., 2010]]. For the establishment of a eukaryotic expression system, we are also using parts of mammalian origin and from S2-organisms (see safety forms below). We have made the decisions to use parts from S2 organism carefully and only after consulting our safety officer. He could ensure us that the parts and circuits we are using do not pose any threat. When possible, we have tried to substitute parts from S2 organisms with parts from S1 organisms. All of the parts we are using (such as a polioviral internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and the Ig-Kappa secretion signal from mouse) are widely used in molecular biology laboratories all around the world and are considered safe.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=</del>===Safety evaluation for used BioBricks and composite parts<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=</del>===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>===Safety evaluation for used BioBricks and composite parts===</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><small></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><small></div></td></tr>
</table>FlorianA