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| |
| - |
| |
| - | <body lang=ZH-CN style='tab-interval:21.0pt;text-justify-trim:punctuation'>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <div class=WordSection1 style='layout-grid:15.6pt'>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <h1><span lang=EN-US>Introduction</span></h1>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>What is the disadvantage of a common <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>? And why we
| |
| - | want to purpose a novel design principle based on the idea of a <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>?</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Here we compared the general model of the <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>biphase</span> and <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>, to demonstrate the differences.</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>We started with a <a name="OLE_LINK2"></a><a
| |
| - | name="OLE_LINK1"><span style='mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK2'>coarse-grained</span></a>
| |
| - | description of the <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> function (Figure 1A,
| |
| - | 1B) in order to construct a model to yield a detailed relationship between the
| |
| - | ligand concentration (L) and protein levels (P). In this diagram, only the dominant
| |
| - | conformations calculated, and the noise is neglected. In the general model, the
| |
| - | three major mechanisms were considered: translational repression, transcriptional
| |
| - | termination and the mRNA degradation. And to simplify the model, we only
| |
| - | considered the <a name="OLE_LINK4"></a><a name="OLE_LINK3"><span
| |
| - | style='mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK4'>thermodynamically </span></a>driven regime
| |
| - | (Chase L. <span class=SpellE>Beisel</span>, Christina D. <span class=SpellE>Smolke</span>,
| |
| - | 2009) of the model, in which all the conformational changes are reversible. </span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
| |
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| |
| - | <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
| |
| - | <v:formulas>
| |
| - | <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
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| |
| - | </v:formulas>
| |
| - | <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
| |
| - | <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
| |
| - | </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_13" o:spid="_x0000_i1037"
| |
| - | type="#_x0000_t75" alt="˵Ã÷: Macintosh HD:Users:cxhe:¿ìÅÌ:Lab:Project Design:wiki writing:8 Modeling:General Principle of Triphase Riboswitch:Figures:Ë«ÎÈ̬.jpg"
| |
| - | style='width:415pt;height:341pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
| |
| - | <v:imagedata src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image001.jpg" o:title="Ë«ÎÈ̬.jpg"/>
| |
| - | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=417 height=343
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image002.png"
| |
| - | alt="˵Ã÷: Macintosh HD:Users:cxhe:¿ìÅÌ:Lab:Project Design:wiki writing:8 Modeling:General Principle of Triphase Riboswitch:Figures:Ë«ÎÈ̬.jpg"
| |
| - | v:shapes="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_13"><![endif]></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Figure 1A. The schematic diagram of <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
| |
| - | id="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_11" o:spid="_x0000_i1036" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="˵Ã÷: Macintosh HD:Users:cxhe:¿ìÅÌ:Lab:Project Design:wiki writing:8 Modeling:General Principle of Triphase Riboswitch:Figures:ÈýÎÈ̬.jpg"
| |
| - | style='width:414pt;height:491pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
| |
| - | <v:imagedata src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image003.jpg" o:title="ÈýÎÈ̬.jpg"/>
| |
| - | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=416 height=493
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image004.png"
| |
| - | alt="˵Ã÷: Macintosh HD:Users:cxhe:¿ìÅÌ:Lab:Project Design:wiki writing:8 Modeling:General Principle of Triphase Riboswitch:Figures:ÈýÎÈ̬.jpg"
| |
| - | v:shapes="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_11"><![endif]></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Figure 1B. The schematic diagram of <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <h1><span class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US>Biphase</span></span><span lang=EN-US> <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> Model</span></h1>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>In a <span class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> model, the associated dose-response curve can be
| |
| - | approximately described by a single general solution that includes the distribution
| |
| - | constant K1 between the ligand-free conformation and ligand-binding
| |
| - | conformation, the <span class=SpellE>aptamer</span> association constant K2,
| |
| - | mRNA degradation rate constants (a1<span class=GramE>,a2</span>) and regulatory
| |
| - | activities of two conformations KA and KB (Figure 1A):</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>P</m:r></span><m:r><span>
| |
| - | = </m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>kf</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>ap</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>*</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KAK</m:r></span><m:r><span>1+</m:r></span><m:r><span>KB</m:r></span><m:r><span>(1+</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2[</m:r></span><m:r><span>L</m:r></span><m:r><span>])</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1+</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2(1+</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2[</m:r></span><m:r><span>L</m:r></span><m:r><span>])</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
| |
| - | ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><img width=178 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image005.png"></span><![endif]></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><m:d><m:dPr><m:begChr
| |
| - | m:val="{"/><m:endChr m:val=""/><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><m:eqArr><m:eqArrPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:eqArrPr><m:e><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>[</m:r></span><m:r><span>A</m:r></span><m:r><span>]</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>[</m:r></span><m:r><span>B</m:r></span><m:r><span>]</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:e><m:e><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>[</m:r></span><m:r><span>CL</m:r></span><m:r><span>]</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><m:d><m:dPr><m:begChr
| |
| - | m:val="["/><m:endChr m:val="]"/><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>C</m:r></span></span></i></m:e></m:d><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>[</m:r></span><m:r><span>L</m:r></span><m:r><span>]</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:e></m:eqArr></m:e></m:d></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
| |
| - | ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><img width=72 height=80 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image006.png"></span><![endif]></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Parameter variation effects are unique on
| |
| - | the dose-response curve for either ON (when KA/a1<KB/a2) or OFF (when
| |
| - | KA/a2>KB/a1)<a style='mso-endnote-id:edn1' href="#_edn1" name="_ednref1"
| |
| - | title=""><span class=MsoEndnoteReference><span style='mso-special-character:
| |
| - | footnote'><![if !supportFootnotes]><span class=MsoEndnoteReference><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
| |
| - | ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>[i]</span></span><![endif]></span></span></a> behaviors.
| |
| - | </span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Here we list the function of performance
| |
| - | descriptors based on the general solution in the condition of the ON behavior:</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
| |
| - | mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><span
| |
| - | style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
| |
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>Basal expression level</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
| |
| - | 0'><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><m:rPr><m:scr m:val="roman"/><m:sty
| |
| - | m:val="p"/></m:rPr>P</m:r></span></span><m:d><m:dPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><m:rPr><m:scr
| |
| - | m:val="roman"/><m:sty m:val="p"/></m:rPr>L=0</m:r></span></span></m:e></m:d><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>=
| |
| - | </m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><m:rPr><m:scr
| |
| - | m:val="roman"/><m:sty m:val="p"/></m:rPr>kf</m:r></span></span></m:num><m:den><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><m:rPr><m:scr
| |
| - | m:val="roman"/><m:sty m:val="p"/></m:rPr>ap</m:r></span></span></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>*</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KAK</m:r></span><m:r><span>1+</m:r></span><m:r><span>KB</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1+</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
| |
| - | ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><img width=151 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image007.png"></span><![endif]></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
| |
| - | mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><span
| |
| - | style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
| |
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>Highest expression level</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
| |
| - | 0'><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>P</m:r></span></span></i><m:d><m:dPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>L</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-ascii-font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¡ú</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¡Þ</m:r></span></span></i></m:e></m:d><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>kfKB</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>apa</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
| |
| - | ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><img width=99 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image008.png"></span><![endif]></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
| |
| - | mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><span
| |
| - | style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
| |
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>Dynamic range (shown as ratio)</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¦Ç</m:r></span><m:r><span>=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1+</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KAK</m:r></span><m:r><span>1+</m:r></span><m:r><span>KB</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>*</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KB</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1+</m:r></span><m:r><span>KA</m:r></span><m:r><span>/</m:r></span><m:r><span>KB</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1+</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1/</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
| |
| - | ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><img width=197 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image009.png"></span><![endif]></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
| |
| - | mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><span
| |
| - | style='mso-list:Ignore'>4.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
| |
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>EC50</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
| |
| - | 0'><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>EC</m:r></span><m:r><span>50=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>1+</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1*</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
| |
| - | ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><img width=106 height=49 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image010.png"></span><![endif]></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Then we can make conclusions according to
| |
| - | the above equations. Stabilizing conformation A (increasing K1) will improve
| |
| - | the dynamic range by decreasing the basal level while holding highest level. The
| |
| - | affinity of ligand binding affects the EC50 and working range simultaneously,
| |
| - | but the dynamic range remains unchanged (CL <span class=SpellE>Beisel</span>,
| |
| - | CD <span class=SpellE>Smolke</span>. 2009).</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>The highest level is a function of <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>kf</span>, KB, <span class=SpellE>ap</span> and a2, which is only
| |
| - | related with the conformation B and have nothing to do with the conformation A.
| |
| - | We can improve the dynamic range by raising K1 or a1. Generally speaking, it is
| |
| - | difficult for us to alter a1 and easier to manipulate K1. That¡¯s why we tend to
| |
| - | change K1 by directed point mutations. However, the problem arises when K1
| |
| - | approaches to infinity that the dynamic range tends to a fixed constant.</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <h1><span class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US>Triphase</span></span><span lang=EN-US>
| |
| - | <span class=SpellE>Riboswitch</span> Model</span></h1>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Similarly, when we consider the circumstance
| |
| - | that a <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> has three possible stable conformations,
| |
| - | the dose-response curve can be described by a single equation as well, containing
| |
| - | distribution constants K1<span class=GramE>,K2,K3</span>, ligand association
| |
| - | constant K4, mRNA degradation constant a1, a2, a3 and regulatory activities of
| |
| - | three conformations KA,KB,KC (Figure 1B).</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>P</m:r></span><m:r><span>=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>kf</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>ap</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>*</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KAK</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span><m:r><span>KBK</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span><m:r><span>KCK</m:r></span><m:r><span>1(1+</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>4</m:r></span></span></i><m:d><m:dPr><m:begChr
| |
| - | m:val="["/><m:endChr m:val="]"/><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>L</m:r></span></span></i></m:e></m:d><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>)</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1(1+</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>4</m:r></span></span></i><m:d><m:dPr><m:begChr
| |
| - | m:val="["/><m:endChr m:val="]"/><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>L</m:r></span></span></i></m:e></m:d><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>)</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
| |
| - | ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><img width=247 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image011.png"></span><![endif]></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><m:d><m:dPr><m:begChr
| |
| - | m:val="{"/><m:endChr m:val=""/><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><m:eqArr><m:eqArrPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:eqArrPr><m:e><m:d><m:dPr><m:begChr
| |
| - | m:val="{"/><m:endChr m:val=""/><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><m:eqArr><m:eqArrPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:eqArrPr><m:e><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>A</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>B</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:e><m:e><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>A</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>C</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:e><m:e><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>3=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>B</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>C</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:e></m:eqArr></m:e></m:d></m:e><m:e><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>4=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>[</m:r></span><m:r><span>CL</m:r></span><m:r><span>]</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><m:d><m:dPr><m:begChr
| |
| - | m:val="["/><m:endChr m:val="]"/><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>C</m:r></span></span></i></m:e></m:d><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>[</m:r></span><m:r><span>L</m:r></span><m:r><span>]</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:e></m:eqArr></m:e></m:d></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
| |
| - | ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><img width=88 height=127 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image012.png"></span><![endif]></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Parameter variation effects are unique on
| |
| - | the dose-response curve for either ON (when KA/a1<KC/a3, KB/a2<KC/a3) or
| |
| - | OFF (when KA/a1>KC/a3<span class=GramE>,KB</span>/a2>KC/a3) behaviors. </span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>To describe the performance of the <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>, we discuss the basal and highest level of expression,
| |
| - | dynamic range and EC50 as well.</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
| |
| - | mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><span
| |
| - | style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
| |
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>Basal expression level</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
| |
| - | 0'><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><m:rPr><m:scr m:val="roman"/><m:sty
| |
| - | m:val="p"/></m:rPr>P</m:r></span></span><m:d><m:dPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><m:rPr><m:scr
| |
| - | m:val="roman"/><m:sty m:val="p"/></m:rPr>L=0</m:r></span></span></m:e></m:d><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>=
| |
| - | </m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><m:rPr><m:scr
| |
| - | m:val="roman"/><m:sty m:val="p"/></m:rPr>kf</m:r></span></span></m:num><m:den><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><m:rPr><m:scr
| |
| - | m:val="roman"/><m:sty m:val="p"/></m:rPr>ap</m:r></span></span></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>*</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KAK</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span><m:r><span>KBK</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span><m:r><span>KCK</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
| |
| - | ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><img width=226 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image013.png"></span><![endif]></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
| |
| - | mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><span
| |
| - | style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
| |
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>Highest expression level</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
| |
| - | 0'><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>P</m:r></span></span></i><m:d><m:dPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>L</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-ascii-font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¡ú</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¡Þ</m:r></span></span></i></m:e></m:d><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>kfKC</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>apa</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
| |
| - | ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><img width=98 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image014.png"></span><![endif]></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
| |
| - | mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><span
| |
| - | style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
| |
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>Dynamic range (shown as ratio)</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¦Ç</m:r></span><m:r><span>=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KAK</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span><m:r><span>KBK</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span><m:r><span>KCK</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>*</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KA</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KB</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
| |
| - | ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><img width=329 height=64 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image015.png"></span><![endif]></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
| |
| - | mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><span
| |
| - | style='mso-list:Ignore'>4.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
| |
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>EC50</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
| |
| - | 0'><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>EC</m:r></span><m:r><span>50=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>1+</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>+</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>*</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>4</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
| |
| - | ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><img width=149 height=49 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image016.png"></span><![endif]></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Then we can make conclusions according to
| |
| - | the above equations. Stabilizing either conformation A (increasing K1) or
| |
| - | conformation B (increasing K2) will improves the dynamic range by decreasing
| |
| - | the basal level while holding highest level (Figure 2). The affinity of ligand
| |
| - | binding affects the EC50 and working range simultaneously, while the dynamic
| |
| - | range remains unchanged.</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
| |
| - | id="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1035" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:416pt;
| |
| - | height:199pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
| |
| - | <v:imagedata src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image017.emz" o:title=""/>
| |
| - | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=418 height=201
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image018.png" v:shapes="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_2"><![endif]></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Figure 2. K1 or K2 increasing improves the
| |
| - | dynamic range of <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswich</span>,
| |
| - | consistent with the modeling of <span class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>riboswich</span>.</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <h1><span lang=EN-US>Comparison between <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> and <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>biphase</span> on four main performance descriptors</span></h1>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Usually, the <span class=SpellE>triphase</span>
| |
| - | <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> we design is a fuse of a competitive
| |
| - | sequence and <span class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>
| |
| - | we already have. As a result, approximately, the Gibbs free energy difference
| |
| - | between the conformation A and ligand-combination conformation C is constant,
| |
| - | which means that the K1 stays constant. And the mRNA decay of conformation A
| |
| - | and C is also the same, indicating the same a1 and a3. Of course the changing
| |
| - | of ligand binding association constant caused by the <span class=SpellE>cis</span>
| |
| - | influence can be neglect as well. Therefore, the only difference between <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> and <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> is the
| |
| - | influence from conformation B.</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Here we will discuss the four main performance
| |
| - | descriptors and see if there is any difference between the <span class=SpellE>triphase</span>
| |
| - | and <span class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>.</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Hereafter, we will discuss the modeling
| |
| - | with ON behavior <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> under three different conditions</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:d><m:dPr><m:begChr
| |
| - | m:val="{"/><m:endChr m:val=""/><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><m:eqArr><m:eqArrPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:eqArrPr><m:e><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>conformation</m:r></span><m:r><span>
| |
| - | </m:r></span><m:r><span>B</m:r></span><m:r><span> </m:r></span><m:r><span>dominant</m:r></span><m:r><span>(</m:r></span><m:r><span>Bd</m:r></span><m:r><span>
| |
| - | </m:r></span><m:r><span>for</m:r></span><m:r><span> </m:r></span><m:r><span>s</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ort</m:r></span><m:r><span>)
| |
| - | ,</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KB</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>></m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KA</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:e><m:e><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>balance</m:r></span></span></i><m:d><m:dPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>bal</m:r></span><m:r><span>
| |
| - | </m:r></span><m:r><span>for</m:r></span><m:r><span> </m:r></span><m:r><span>s</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ort</m:r></span></span></i></m:e></m:d><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>, </m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KB</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KA</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:e><m:e><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>conformation</m:r></span><m:r><span> </m:r></span><m:r><span>A</m:r></span><m:r><span>
| |
| - | </m:r></span><m:r><span>dominant</m:r></span></span></i><m:d><m:dPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>Ad</m:r></span><m:r><span>
| |
| - | </m:r></span><m:r><span>for</m:r></span><m:r><span> </m:r></span><m:r><span>s</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ort</m:r></span></span></i></m:e></m:d><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>,</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KB</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KA</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:e></m:eqArr></m:e></m:d></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;position:relative;top:34.0pt;mso-text-raise:
| |
| - | -34.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:
| |
| - | AR-SA'><img width=278 height=80 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image019.png"></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>;</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>And it will be also always true that:</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMathPara><m:oMath><m:d><m:dPr><m:begChr
| |
| - | m:val="{"/><m:endChr m:val=""/><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><m:eqArr><m:eqArrPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:eqArrPr><m:e><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KA</m:r></span><m:r><span>/</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1<</m:r></span><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span><m:r><span>/</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:e><m:e><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KB</m:r></span><m:r><span>/</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2<</m:r></span><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span><m:r><span>/</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:e></m:eqArr></m:e></m:d></m:oMath></m:oMathPara><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
| |
| - | ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><img width=93 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image020.png"></span><![endif]></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
| |
| - | mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><span
| |
| - | style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
| |
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>Basal level expression</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
| |
| - | 0'><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><m:rPr><m:scr m:val="roman"/><m:sty m:val="p"/></m:rPr>Ptriphase</m:r></span></span><m:d><m:dPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><m:rPr><m:scr m:val="roman"/><m:sty
| |
| - | m:val="p"/></m:rPr>L=0</m:r></span></span></m:e></m:d><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>=
| |
| - | </m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><m:rPr><m:scr m:val="roman"/><m:sty
| |
| - | m:val="p"/></m:rPr>kf</m:r></span></span></m:num><m:den><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><m:rPr><m:scr m:val="roman"/><m:sty
| |
| - | m:val="p"/></m:rPr>ap</m:r></span></span></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>*</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1(</m:r></span><m:r><span>KAK</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span><m:r><span>)+</m:r></span><m:r><span>KBK</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1(</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3)+</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;position:relative;top:12.0pt;mso-text-raise:
| |
| - | -12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:
| |
| - | AR-SA'><img width=217 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image021.png"></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>;</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
| |
| - | 0'><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><m:rPr><m:scr m:val="roman"/><m:sty m:val="p"/></m:rPr>Pbiphase</m:r></span></span><m:d><m:dPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><m:rPr><m:scr m:val="roman"/><m:sty
| |
| - | m:val="p"/></m:rPr>L=0</m:r></span></span></m:e></m:d><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>=
| |
| - | </m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><m:rPr><m:scr m:val="roman"/><m:sty
| |
| - | m:val="p"/></m:rPr>kf</m:r></span></span></m:num><m:den><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><m:rPr><m:scr m:val="roman"/><m:sty
| |
| - | m:val="p"/></m:rPr>ap</m:r></span></span></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>*</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KAK</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;position:relative;top:12.0pt;mso-text-raise:
| |
| - | -12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:
| |
| - | AR-SA'><img width=168 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image022.png"></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>;</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
| |
| - | 0'><span lang=EN-US>It is obvious that <span class=SpellE>Ptriphase</span> will
| |
| - | always have a lower basal level under limited conditions of ON behaviors, <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>Bd</span> pattern (Figure 3A), <span class=SpellE><span
| |
| - | class=GramE>bal</span></span> pattern and some of Ad pattern (Figure 3B).</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
| |
| - | 0'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_10"
| |
| - | o:spid="_x0000_i1034" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:416pt;height:199pt;
| |
| - | visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
| |
| - | <v:imagedata src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image023.emz" o:title=""/>
| |
| - | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=418 height=201
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image024.png" v:shapes="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_10"><![endif]></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
| |
| - | 0'><span lang=EN-US>Figure 3A. With the dominant conformation B, <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> always have a
| |
| - | lower basal level than the <span class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>, with the changing K2. And the <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>lowerlimit</span> of <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> is lower as well.</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
| |
| - | 0'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_4"
| |
| - | o:spid="_x0000_i1033" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:416pt;height:199pt;
| |
| - | visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
| |
| - | <v:imagedata src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image025.emz" o:title=""/>
| |
| - | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=418 height=201
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image026.png" v:shapes="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_4"><![endif]></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
| |
| - | 0'><span lang=EN-US>Figure 3B. The dominant conformation B in <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswich</span> is sufficient
| |
| - | but not necessary; even under some condition of Ad, <span class=SpellE>triphase</span>
| |
| - | still have a lower basal expression level.</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
| |
| - | mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><span
| |
| - | style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
| |
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>Highest level expression</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
| |
| - | 0'><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>Ptrip</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ase</m:r></span></span></i><m:d><m:dPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>L</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-ascii-font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¡ú</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¡Þ</m:r></span></span></i></m:e></m:d><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>kfKC</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>apa</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;position:relative;top:12.0pt;mso-text-raise:
| |
| - | -12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:
| |
| - | AR-SA'><img width=137 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image027.png"></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>;</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
| |
| - | 0'><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>Pbip</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ase</m:r></span></span></i><m:d><m:dPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>L</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-ascii-font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¡ú</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¡Þ</m:r></span></span></i></m:e></m:d><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>kfKC</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>apa</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;position:relative;top:12.0pt;mso-text-raise:
| |
| - | -12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:
| |
| - | AR-SA'><img width=133 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image028.png"></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>;</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
| |
| - | 0'><span lang=EN-US>Therefore the highest level expression of both <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>triphase</span> and <span class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> are the same. And the highest-level expression
| |
| - | is only related to the regulatory activity and decay rate of the ligand-binding
| |
| - | conformation C and the input (<span class=SpellE>kf</span>) and output (<span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>ap</span>) of the whole <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>
| |
| - | system.</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
| |
| - | mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><span
| |
| - | style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
| |
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>Dynamic range (shown with
| |
| - | ratio)</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¦Çtrip</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ase</m:r></span><m:r><span>=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1(</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+1)+</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1(</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KA</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+1)+</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KB</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;position:relative;top:19.0pt;mso-text-raise:
| |
| - | -19.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:
| |
| - | AR-SA'><img width=149 height=49 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image029.png"></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>;</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¦Çbip</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ase</m:r></span><m:r><span>=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KA</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+1</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;position:relative;top:19.0pt;mso-text-raise:
| |
| - | -19.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:
| |
| - | AR-SA'><img width=99 height=49 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image030.png"></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>;</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>It is obvious that <span class=SpellE>triphase</span>
| |
| - | <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> will always have the higher dynamic range under
| |
| - | limited conditions of ON behaviors, B dominant.</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
| |
| - | mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><span
| |
| - | style='mso-list:Ignore'>4.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
| |
| - | </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>EC50</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>EC</m:r></span><m:r><span>50</m:r></span><m:r><span>trip</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ase</m:r></span><m:r><span>=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>1+</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>+</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>*</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>4</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;position:relative;top:8.0pt;mso-text-raise:-8.0pt;
| |
| - | mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><img
| |
| - | width=152 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025" src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image031.png"></span><![endif]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US>=</span><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>1+</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>*</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>3+</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>*</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>4</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;position:relative;top:8.0pt;mso-text-raise:-8.0pt;
| |
| - | mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><img
| |
| - | width=67 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025" src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image032.png"></span><![endif]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US>;</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
| |
| - | 0'><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>EC</m:r></span><m:r><span>50</m:r></span><m:r><span>bip</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ase</m:r></span><m:r><span>=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>1+</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2*</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>4</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;position:relative;top:8.0pt;mso-text-raise:-8.0pt;
| |
| - | mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><img
| |
| - | width=123 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025" src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image033.png"></span><![endif]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US>;</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>It is obvious that EC50triphase is always
| |
| - | larger than EC50biphase (Figure 3C). If a <span class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> with a constant K2¡¯ has the identical EC50 with
| |
| - | the <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> one, then<span class=GramE>:</span></span><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US>K</span></m:r></span><span class=GramE><m:r><span><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US>2</span></m:r></span></span><m:r><span><span lang=EN-US>'=</span></m:r></span><m:r><span><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US>K</span></m:r></span><m:r><span><span lang=EN-US>2(1+</span></m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>)</m:r></span></span></i></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;position:relative;top:11.0pt;mso-text-raise:
| |
| - | -11.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:
| |
| - | AR-SA'><img width=103 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image034.png"></span><![endif]></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>And then the ratio between the dynamic
| |
| - | range of <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>
| |
| - | and the new <span class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>
| |
| - | will be:</span><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¦Çtrip</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ase</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¦Çbip</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ase</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1(</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KA</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+1)+</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span><m:r><span>KA</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1(</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KA</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2+1)+</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KB</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><m:d><m:dPr><m:begChr
| |
| - | m:val="{"/><m:endChr m:val=""/><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><m:eqArr><m:eqArrPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:eqArrPr><m:e><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>>1,
| |
| - | </m:r></span><m:r><span>Bd</m:r></span></span></i></m:e><m:e><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>=1,</m:r></span><m:r><span>bal</m:r></span></span></i></m:e><m:e><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><1,</m:r></span><m:r><span>Ad</m:r></span></span></i></m:e></m:eqArr></m:e></m:d></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;position:relative;top:19.0pt;mso-text-raise:
| |
| - | -19.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:
| |
| - | AR-SA'><img width=194 height=49 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image035.png"></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US><span
| |
| - | style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>(Figure 3D)</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
| |
| - | id="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_8" o:spid="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:416pt;
| |
| - | height:199pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
| |
| - | <v:imagedata src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image036.emz" o:title=""/>
| |
| - | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=418 height=201
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image037.png" v:shapes="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_8"><![endif]></span><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Figure 3C. The <span class=SpellE>triphase</span>
| |
| - | <span class=SpellE>riboswich</span> always have a higher EC50 value.</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
| |
| - | id="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_9" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:416pt;
| |
| - | height:199pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
| |
| - | <v:imagedata src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image038.emz" o:title=""/>
| |
| - | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=418 height=201
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image039.png" v:shapes="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_9"><![endif]></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE><span lang=EN-US>Figure 3D.</span></span><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US> However, the loss on EC50 can be compensated by much higher dynamic
| |
| - | range in a B dominant pattern, therefore resulting in a higher profit and loss
| |
| - | ratio. The product by multiplying Dynamic range and EC50 is almost constant in
| |
| - | a <span class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> but
| |
| - | sensitive to K2 in a <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>.
| |
| - | And that product in a <span class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>
| |
| - | is always lower than that in a <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>.</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <h1><span lang=EN-US>The <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> design is more
| |
| - | feasible than <span class=SpellE>mutgenesis</span></span></h1>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Heretofore, we have discussed the
| |
| - | difference between <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> and <span class=SpellE>biphase</span>
| |
| - | <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> on the four main performance descriptors.
| |
| - | Nevertheless, though the advantages of <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>riboswitches</span> have been shown, there is no evidence to
| |
| - | support that it is necessary to apply the <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>. In other word, if there is any alternative
| |
| - | method?</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>What about the traditional way?</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå'>Since
| |
| - | usually it is hard and hazardous to change KA and KC, changing mRNA degradation
| |
| - | need to add conformation-<span class=SpellE>controled</span> ribozyme cleavage
| |
| - | sites which is difficult, and the <span class=SpellE>¦Çbiphase</span> is also
| |
| - | the function of K2, therefore it seems to be a good strategy to increase K2 by
| |
| - | probable site-directed mutagenesis, which is what we used to do.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå'>However,
| |
| - | it only allows few options (in the case of <span class=SpellE>ALeader</span>,
| |
| - | only 2^4 =16 options), and most of mutations are not useful, resulting in the
| |
| - | failure of function; consequently, we prefer to the <span class=SpellE>triphase</span>
| |
| - | switch, which provides millions of choices for engineering, (because we are
| |
| - | adding not changing the sequence)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå'>In brief
| |
| - | compared with mutagenesis, the <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> design is much
| |
| - | more easily programming, with more options and more success rate.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <h1><span lang=EN-US>The <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> design can change
| |
| - | the <span class=SpellE>upperlimit</span> of dynamic range</span></h1>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå'>However,
| |
| - | for fastidious conservative, it may still not sufficient to say <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> is not alternative.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå'>So, wh</span><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US>at kind of breakthrough can <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> make but other methods cannot?</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>The answer is about the limitation of
| |
| - | dynamic range. </span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>It is known that there is an <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>upperlimit</span> of <span class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>, and the <span class=SpellE>triphase</span>-switch
| |
| - | derived from <span class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>
| |
| - | can break that barrier of limitation.</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Here is the <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>
| |
| - | of </span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¦Çbip</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ase</m:r></span><m:r><span>_</m:r></span><m:r><span>max</m:r></span><m:r><span>=</m:r></span><m:r><span>¦Çbip</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ase</m:r></span><m:r><span>(</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-ascii-font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¡ú</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-ascii-font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¡Þ</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>)=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span><m:r><span>KA</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;position:relative;top:11.0pt;mso-text-raise:
| |
| - | -11.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:
| |
| - | AR-SA'><img width=234 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image040.png"></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå'>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå'>And in <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>triphase</span> design, that value can be achieved by increasing
| |
| - | the K1 and K2 at the same time. Under this condition, the <span class=SpellE>triphase</span>
| |
| - | switch degenerate into a <span class=SpellE>biphase</span> switch in fact:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¦Çtrip</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ase</m:r></span><m:r><span>(</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-ascii-font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¡ú</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-ascii-font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¡Þ</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå'><m:r><span>,</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-ascii-font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¡ú</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-ascii-font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¡Þ</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>)=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span><m:r><span>KA</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;position:relative;top:11.0pt;mso-text-raise:
| |
| - | -11.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:
| |
| - | AR-SA'><img width=194 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image041.png"></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå'>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå'>If only
| |
| - | trying to change the K2 in a <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> switch, we
| |
| - | found that:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¦Çtrip</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ase</m:r></span><m:r><span>(</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-ascii-font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¡ú</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-ascii-font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¡Þ</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå'><m:r><span>,</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1=</m:r></span><m:r><span>const</m:r></span><m:r><span>.</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>)=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span><m:r><span>(</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1+</m:r></span><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2)</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3(</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>KA</m:r></span><m:r><span>+</m:r></span><m:r><span>KB</m:r></span><m:r><span>)</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><m:d><m:dPr><m:begChr
| |
| - | m:val="{"/><m:endChr m:val=""/><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><m:eqArr><m:eqArrPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:eqArrPr><m:e><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>></m:r></span><m:r><span>¦Çbip</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ase</m:r></span><m:r><span>_</m:r></span><m:r><span>max</m:r></span><m:r><span>,</m:r></span><m:r><span>Bd</m:r></span></span></i></m:e><m:e><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>=</m:r></span><m:r><span>¦Çbip</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ase</m:r></span><m:r><span>_</m:r></span><m:r><span>max</m:r></span><m:r><span>,</m:r></span><m:r><span>bal</m:r></span></span></i></m:e><m:e><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span><</m:r></span><m:r><span>¦Çbip</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ase</m:r></span><m:r><span>_</m:r></span><m:r><span>max</m:r></span><m:r><span>,</m:r></span><m:r><span>Ad</m:r></span></span></i></m:e></m:eqArr></m:e></m:d></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;position:relative;top:19.0pt;mso-text-raise:
| |
| - | -19.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:
| |
| - | AR-SA'><img width=368 height=49 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image042.png"></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå'>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå'>Therefore
| |
| - | we can break the inherent barrier of dynamic range <span class=SpellE>upperlimit</span>
| |
| - | by adding the probable competitive sequence.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå'>That is
| |
| - | why we need to purpose this novel strategy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå'>Actually,
| |
| - | the </span><span class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;
| |
| - | mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-hansi-theme-font:
| |
| - | major-latin'>¦Çtriphase</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;
| |
| - | mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-hansi-theme-font:
| |
| - | major-latin'> can be higher than the limitation of <span class=SpellE>¦Çbiphase</span>,
| |
| - | in this situation that:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><m:r><span>KB</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><m:d><m:dPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><m:r><span>KB</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><m:r><span>-</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><m:r><span>KA</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:e></m:d><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><m:r><span>></m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><m:d><m:dPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:dPr><m:e><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><m:r><span>KA</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><m:r><span>-</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:e></m:d><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><m:r><span>, </m:r></span><m:r><span>and</m:r></span><m:r><span>
| |
| - | </m:r></span><m:r><span>Bd</m:r></span></span></i></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;position:relative;top:11.0pt;mso-text-raise:
| |
| - | -11.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:
| |
| - | AR-SA'><img width=190 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image043.png"></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'>; (Figure 4)</span><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;
| |
| - | mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'>Then we can break the limitation of </span><span
| |
| - | class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | major-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin'>¦Çbiphase</span></span><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin'> by improve the
| |
| - | stability of conformation B (increasing K3).</span><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='mso-fareast-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | major-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin'>Just
| |
| - | like all the hill functions, the curve of <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> also has an <span class=SpellE>upperlimit</span>.
| |
| - | To demonstrate this point, we have to rewrite the equation of dynamic range
| |
| - | with K1 and K3:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¦Çtrip</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ase</m:r></span><m:r><span>=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>3+</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>3+1</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KA</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>3+</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KB</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>3+1</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;position:relative;top:19.0pt;mso-text-raise:
| |
| - | -19.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:
| |
| - | AR-SA'><img width=142 height=49 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image044.png"></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
| |
| - | ËÎÌå;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin'>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Then the limitation of <span class=SpellE>triphase</span>
| |
| - | <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> will be</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¦Çtrip</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>as��</m:r></span><m:r><span>_</m:r></span><m:r><span>max</m:r></span><m:r><span>=</m:r></span><m:r><span>¦Çbip</m:r></span><m:r><span>h</m:r></span><m:r><span>ase</m:r></span><m:r><span>(</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>1</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-ascii-font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¡ú</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>0</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå'><m:r><span>,</m:r></span><m:r><span>K</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-ascii-font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¡ú</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-ascii-font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>¡Þ</m:r></span></span></i><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>)=</m:r></span></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>2</m:r></span><m:r><span>KC</m:r></span></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Cambria Math"'><m:r><span>a</m:r></span><m:r><span>3</m:r></span><m:r><span>KB</m:r></span></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;position:relative;top:11.0pt;mso-text-raise:
| |
| - | -11.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:
| |
| - | AR-SA'><img width=281 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image045.png"></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå'>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
| |
| - | id="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_6" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:416pt;
| |
| - | height:199pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
| |
| - | <v:imagedata src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image046.emz" o:title=""/>
| |
| - | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=418 height=201
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image047.png" v:shapes="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_6"><![endif]></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Figure 4. <span class=SpellE>Triphase</span>
| |
| - | <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> can break through the <span class=SpellE>upperlimit</span>
| |
| - | of a <span class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>
| |
| - | when the conformation B is dominant to conformation A</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <h1><span lang=EN-US>Response to the ligand concentration upper limit</span></h1>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;
| |
| - | mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US>In our analysis thus far, we presume that the maximum ligand concentration
| |
| - | can always saturates the dose-response function. Nevertheless, many of </span><span
| |
| - | class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:
| |
| - | Times;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>riboswitches</span></span><span lang=EN-US
| |
| - | style='font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Times;mso-font-kerning:0pt'> may
| |
| - | not be saturated by the accessible upper limit in ligand concentration due to
| |
| - | permeability of the ligand across the cell membrane, cytotoxicity of the ligand
| |
| - | and so on. For example in our case, the ligand aminoglycosides antibiotics will
| |
| - | do harm to the bacterium without resistance genes. Here we set the accessible <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>upperlimit</span> of ligand concentration as L¡¯ (Figure 5A).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;
| |
| - | mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Times;mso-font-kerning:
| |
| - | 0pt'>The modeling revealed that the limit affects the dynamic range on the conformational
| |
| - | partitioning constant K2, consistent with the previous study. Moreover, the <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> is influenced
| |
| - | more significantly by limit of ligand concentration, because of a higher EC50
| |
| - | value (Figure 5B).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
| |
| - | id="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_12" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:416pt;
| |
| - | height:199pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
| |
| - | <v:imagedata src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image048.emz" o:title=""/>
| |
| - | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=418 height=201
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image049.png" v:shapes="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_12"><![endif]></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Figure 5B. Both <span class=SpellE>triphase</span>
| |
| - | and <span class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> are
| |
| - | impacted by the limitation of ligand concentration. <span class=SpellE>Triphase</span>
| |
| - | <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> is more sensitive to that effect because
| |
| - | it always has a higher EC50 value. Higher K2L¡¯ level will reduce the influence,
| |
| - | in both of them.</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <h1><span lang=EN-US>ODE model of Dynamic Process</span></h1>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He"
| |
| - | datetime="2013-09-27T09:15">In the former discussion, we studied the steady
| |
| - | state solution of <span class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>
| |
| - | </ins></span><span class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He"
| |
| - | datetime="2013-09-27T09:16">and <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>. However, in spite of the <span class=SpellE>upperlimit</span>
| |
| - | of ligand concentration, </ins></span><span class=msoIns><ins
| |
| - | cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T09:23">steady state</ins></span><span
| |
| - | class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T09:18"> solution </ins></span><span
| |
| - | class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T09:24">is </ins></span><span
| |
| - | class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T09:25">impossible
| |
| - | to achieve</ins></span> and the assumption of thermodynamic-driven regime is
| |
| - | not always true<span class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He"
| |
| - | datetime="2013-09-27T09:18">. To more precisely </ins></span><span
| |
| - | class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T09:23">quantify</ins></span><span
| |
| - | class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T09:18"> the
| |
| - | dose-response of <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>, we </ins></span><span
| |
| - | class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T09:20">used a</ins></span><span
| |
| - | class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T09:23">n</ins></span><span
| |
| - | class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T09:20"> ODE
| |
| - | (ordinary differential equations) model to describe the dynamic process</ins></span><span
| |
| - | class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T09:26"> with
| |
| - | limitation of both ligand concentration and incubation time</ins></span><span
| |
| - | class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T09:20">.</ins></span><span
| |
| - | class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T09:15"><o:p></o:p></ins></span></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>In <span class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:w"
| |
| - | datetime="2013-09-25T12:47">a </ins></span><span class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>:</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'>∂<span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US>[A]/</span>∂<span lang=EN-US>t =kfA-k2[A]-a<span class=msoIns><ins
| |
| - | cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T06:24">1</ins></span>[A]+k-2[C]<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'>∂<span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US>[C]/</span>∂<span lang=EN-US>t
| |
| - | =kfC-k-2[C]-k4[C][L]-a3[C]+k2[A]+k-4[CL]<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'>∂<span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US>[CL]/</span>∂<span lang=EN-US>t=-k-4[CL]-a3[CL]+k<span
| |
| - | class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T06:25">4</ins></span>[C][L]<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'>∂<span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US>P/</span>∂<span lang=EN-US>t = KA[A]+KC[C]+KC[CL]-<span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>ap</span>[P]<span class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He"
| |
| - | datetime="2013-09-27T09:21"><o:p></o:p></ins></span></span></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:
| |
| - | »ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'>In <span class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:w" datetime="2013-09-25T12:47">a </ins></span><span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'>∂<span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US>[A]/</span>∂<span lang=EN-US>t
| |
| - | =kfA-k1[A]-k2[A]-a1[A]+k-1[B]+k-2[C]<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'>∂<span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US>[B]/</span>∂<span lang=EN-US>t
| |
| - | =kfB-k-1[B]-k3[B]-a2[B]+k1[A]+k-3[B]<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'>∂<span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US>[C]/</span>∂<span lang=EN-US>t
| |
| - | =kfC-k-2[C]-k-3[C]-k4[C][L]-a3[C]+k2[A]+k3[B]+k-4[CL]<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'>∂<span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US>[CL]/</span>∂<span lang=EN-US>t=-k-4[CL]-a3[CL]+k<span
| |
| - | class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T06:25">4</ins></span>[C][L]<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'>∂<span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US>P/</span>∂<span lang=EN-US>t = KA[A]+KB[B]+KC[C]+KC[CL]-<span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>ap</span>[P]<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:
| |
| - | »ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><span class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T09:22">With
| |
| - | following limitation:<o:p></o:p></ins></span></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:
| |
| - | »ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><span class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T09:22">K1
| |
| - | = k-1/k1, K2 = k-2/k2, K3 = k-3/k3, K4 = k4/k-4</ins></span></span><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><span class=msoIns><ins
| |
| - | cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T09:22">£»<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></ins></span></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:
| |
| - | »ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'><span class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T09:22">And
| |
| - | </ins></span></span><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:d><m:dPr><m:begChr
| |
| - | m:val="{"/><m:endChr m:val=""/><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span class=msoIns><ins
| |
| - | cite="mailto:Cx%20He" datetime="2013-09-27T09:22"><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></ins></span></span></m:dPr><m:e><m:eqArr><m:eqArrPr><span
| |
| - | style='font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
| |
| - | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
| |
| - | normal'><span class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He"
| |
| - | datetime="2013-09-27T09:22"><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></ins></span></span></m:eqArrPr><m:e><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><span class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He"
| |
| - | datetime="2013-09-27T09:22">KA/a1<KC/a3</ins></span></span></i></m:e><m:e><i
| |
| - | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
| |
| - | "Cambria Math"'><span class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He"
| |
| - | datetime="2013-09-27T09:22">KB/a2<KC/a3</ins></span></span></i></m:e></m:eqArr></m:e></m:d></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;position:relative;top:11.0pt;mso-text-raise:
| |
| - | -11.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:
| |
| - | AR-SA'><img width=93 height=33 id="_x0000_i1025"
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image050.png"></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:
| |
| - | ËÎÌå;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
| |
| - | ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
| |
| - | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'><span class=msoIns><ins cite="mailto:Cx%20He"
| |
| - | datetime="2013-09-27T09:22">£»</ins></span></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>In the ODE model that is closer to reality
| |
| - | than the steady-state solution, <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> performs better in the perspective of dynamic
| |
| - | range and other descriptors. </span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Qualitatively speaking, the EC50 value and
| |
| - | dynamic range of <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>
| |
| - | is higher than that <span class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span>
| |
| - | (Figure 6A), consistent with former solution. The effect of ligand
| |
| - | concentration limit is also similar (Figure 6B). </span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Some of conclusion should be revised in the
| |
| - | ODE model. For example, the highest level of <span class=SpellE>triphase</span>
| |
| - | <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> in the limited time is not equal to that
| |
| - | of <span class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> (Figure
| |
| - | 6C). And the dynamic range difference between two patterns is so significant
| |
| - | that that even with a1 increasing, the <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> one
| |
| - | is always better (Figure 6D) </span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
| |
| - | id="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:416pt;
| |
| - | height:199pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
| |
| - | <v:imagedata src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image051.emz" o:title=""/>
| |
| - | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=418 height=201
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image052.png" v:shapes="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_1"><![endif]></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Figure 6B. The Limitation of ligand
| |
| - | concentration affects the dynamic range – K2 curve. The <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> is more
| |
| - | sensitive, similar to former modeling.</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
| |
| - | id="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:416pt;
| |
| - | height:199pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
| |
| - | <v:imagedata src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image053.emz" o:title=""/>
| |
| - | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=418 height=201
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image054.png" v:shapes="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_5"><![endif]></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Figure 6D. <span class=SpellE>Triphase</span>
| |
| - | <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> always has a higher dynamic range, even
| |
| - | with the faster mRNA decay of conformation A.</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
| |
| - | id="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_14" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="˵Ã÷: Macintosh HD:Users:cxhe:¿ìÅÌ:Lab:Project Design:wiki writing:8 Modeling:General Principle of Triphase Riboswitch:Figures:DRDP irreversible.eps"
| |
| - | style='width:414pt;height:198pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
| |
| - | <v:imagedata src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image055.emz" o:title="DRDP irreversible.eps"/>
| |
| - | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=416 height=200
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image056.png"
| |
| - | alt="˵Ã÷: Macintosh HD:Users:cxhe:¿ìÅÌ:Lab:Project Design:wiki writing:8 Modeling:General Principle of Triphase Riboswitch:Figures:DRDP irreversible.eps"
| |
| - | v:shapes="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_14"><![endif]></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Figure 6C. The highest levels of <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>triphase</span> and <span class=SpellE>biphase</span> <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> are not equal. The difference of highest level
| |
| - | between <span class=SpellE>triphase</span> and <span class=SpellE>biphase</span>
| |
| - | <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> is related to the irreversible <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>processs</span>, measured by K2/(K1*K3).</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
| |
| - | id="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="˵Ã÷: Macintosh HD:Users:cxhe:¿ìÅÌ:Lab:Project Design:wiki writing:4 Modification and Optimization:General Principle of Triphase Riboswitch:Figures:Normalized Dynamic Process.eps"
| |
| - | style='width:414pt;height:198pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
| |
| - | <v:imagedata src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image057.emz" o:title="Normalized Dynamic Process.eps"/>
| |
| - | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=416 height=200
| |
| - | src="http://new87.guangstreet.com/img/triphase.files/image058.png"
| |
| - | alt="˵Ã÷: Macintosh HD:Users:cxhe:¿ìÅÌ:Lab:Project Design:wiki writing:4 Modification and Optimization:General Principle of Triphase Riboswitch:Figures:Normalized Dynamic Process.eps"
| |
| - | v:shapes="_x56fe__x7247__x0020_3"><![endif]></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Figure 6A. In the ODE model, the <span
| |
| - | class=SpellE>triphase</span> <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> shows a significant
| |
| - | high dynamic range and a higher EC50 value.</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Reference:</span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan'><span
| |
| - | class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
| |
| - | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#222222;background:white;
| |
| - | mso-font-kerning:0pt'>Beisel</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
| |
| - | 10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#222222;
| |
| - | background:white;mso-font-kerning:0pt'> C L, <span class=SpellE>Smolke</span> C
| |
| - | D. Design principles for <span class=SpellE>riboswitch</span> <span
| |
| - | class=GramE>function[</span>J]. <span class=SpellE>PLoS</span> Computational
| |
| - | Biology, 2009, 5(4): e1000363.</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
| |
| - | font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
| |
| - | "Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | </div>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <div style='mso-element:endnote-list'><![if !supportEndnotes]><br clear=all>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <hr align=left size=1 width="33%">
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <![endif]>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <div style='mso-element:endnote' id=edn1>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoEndnoteText><a style='mso-endnote-id:edn1' href="#_ednref1"
| |
| - | name="_edn1" title=""><span class=MsoEndnoteReference><span lang=EN-US><span
| |
| - | style='mso-special-character:footnote'><![if !supportFootnotes]><span
| |
| - | class=MsoEndnoteReference><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
| |
| - | Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:ËÎÌå;mso-fareast-theme-font:
| |
| - | minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
| |
| - | mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
| |
| - | ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>[i]</span></span><![endif]></span></span></span></a><span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US> In the previous article ¡®Design Principle of <span class=SpellE>Riboswitch</span>
| |
| - | Function¡¯ wrote by Chase L. <span class=SpellE>Beisel</span>, and Christina D.
| |
| - | Smoke, the ON and OFF behavior are distinguished by if KA is higher than KB or
| |
| - | not. However, we think actually the KA/a1 and KB/a2 determined the behavior,
| |
| - | which can be easily proved: </span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoEndnoteText><span lang=EN-US>The dose-response curve is monotone.
| |
| - | In ON behavior, the</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:
| |
| - | »ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'> </span><span style='font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå;mso-bidi-font-family:»ªÎÄ¿¬Ìå'>∂<span
| |
| - | lang=EN-US>P/</span>∂<span lang=EN-US>L should be always positive,
| |
| - | indicating that KA/a1<KB/a2 rather than KA<KB.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoEndnoteText><span lang=EN-US><span
| |
| - | style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <p class=MsoEndnoteText><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | </div>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | </div>
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| | </div> | | </div> |
| | </div> | | </div> |
"
