Team:Manchester/environmenttest2

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<div class="wrapper" >
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             <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/8/84/Palmsquare.jpg" width="200" height="200" />
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             <a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/9/9c/MANCHESTERIGEMimpactanalysisofsyntheticpalmoil.pdf"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/6/62/Man4.jpg" width="300" height="150" /></a>
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<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum
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<p>When doing the initial research for our synthetic alternative to palm oil components, we quickly came across lots of information regarding the current palm oil industry. It soon became apparent that the economies of countries, for example Indonesia and Malaysia, depend almost entirely upon the current methods of palm oil production. Therefore we compiled <b>a detailed impact analysis report for synthetic palm oil</b>, which can be found by clicking on the button to the right.</p>
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        Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum
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             </div>
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             <div class="title">
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               Environmental Impact 2
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               Why Palm Oil Is Bad News If You're An Orangutan
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             <p><b>Is palm oil really that big a deal?</b></p>
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             <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/5/5e/Orangutanfigureeseses.png" width="350" height="830" />
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<p>Palm oil is used in hundreds of products. It is likely that you have either consumed or used a product today containing palm oil or its constituents, but we, as consumers, rarely think about it or where it comes from. The truth behind its current method of production is devastating.</p>
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            <p>As previously mentioned, the rate of deforestation is having devastating effects on the population of wild Sumatran orangutans, amongst other animals. Using the program Vortex<sup>[1]</sup> we modelled various scenarios of the fate of the orangutan, both with and without our project being implemented. The full model can be found <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Manchester/popdynamictest" target="_blank">here</a>
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<p>Currently:</p>
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<b>Figure 1</b>
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<ul><li>300 football fields an hour are being chopped down every hour in Indonesia and Malaysia to make room for oil palm plantations<sup>[1]</sup></li>
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<ul><li>Shows the current estimated timeframe for the extinction of the Sumatran orangutan due to the extent of deforestation occurring to make room for oil palm plantations</li><br>
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<li>This mass deforestation is resulting in a massive decline in many critically endangered organisms, such as the sumatran orangutan (link to model here?)<sup>[2]</sup></li>
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<li>As it stands, orangutans would die out within the next 45 years</li></ul>
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<li>Rare flora, much of which is yet to have been researched and is found only within these rainforests, is being destroyed and lost forever<sup>[3]</sup></li>
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<li><i>People</i> live in the rainforests that are being bulldozed, their homes completely eradicated because of the palm oil industry<sup>[4]</sup></li>
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<li>Rainforests act as a colossal carbon sink and are often growing atop peatlands - uprooting or burning these trees releases a huge amount of CO<sub>2</sub> into the atmosphere (resulting in deforestation related to the palm oil industry accounting for more global warming than every vehicle on earth combined)<sup>[5]</sup></li></ul><br>
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<br>
<br>
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<p>So yes, the problems arising as a direct result of the palm oil industry <i>are</i> a big deal.</p>
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<b>Figure 2</b>
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<ul><li>If our project reaches optimisation within the next 40 years, and so synthetic palm oil makes further deforestation redundant, around 650 orangutans are expected to survive</li><br>
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<li>These 650 animals surprisingly carry the population through at least another 100 years</li><br>
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<li>Population size does not appear to grow, and unforeseen events such as landslides could still wipe out the remainder of the population</li></ul>
<br>
<br>
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<p><b>References:</b></p>
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<b>Figure 3 and Figure 4</b>
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<p>[1] http://www.rainforest-rescue.org/topics/palm-oil<br>
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<ul><li>These show population sizes should our project reach optimisation after 30 years, rather than 40</li><br>
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[2] http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/28/sumatran-orangutans-dying-indonesia-forest-fire<br>
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<li>The maximum number of orangutans left after 30 years would be around 2520, while the minimum is around 1664</li><br>
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[3] http://www.indonesianrainforest.org/indonesian-rainforest/rainforest-medicinal-plants/<br>
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<li>Even at the worse case scenario, if our project is implemented within 30 years then  the orangutan population could remain at a healthy level</li></ul>
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[4] http://www.rainforest-rescue.org/news/3891/indonesia-victims-of-the-palm-oil-industry<br>
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[5] http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/solutions/forest_solutions/palm-oil-and-forests.html</p>
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<br>
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Once the land was safe from further deforestation, steps could even be taken to reintegrate into the wild the thousands of orangutans currently in sanctuaries around the world. The above models imply that, with the implementation of our project and thus elimination of further deforestation on account of the palm oil industry, the Sumatran orangutan may well have a bright future.<br></br>
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<center><b>INSERT TASK2/4 HERE</b></center><br>
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<b>References</b><br>
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[1] Lacy, R.C. 2000. Structure of the VORTEX simulation model for population viability analysis. Ecological Bulletins 48:191-203</p>
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<p><b>The need for a truly sustainable, cheap palm oil</b></p>
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<p>Due to the issues raised above concerning the cultivation of palm oil, and high-profile protests from the likes of Greenpeace<sup>[1]</sup>, many multinational companies are making a big push to obtain the palm oil used in their products from sustainable sources.</p>
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<p>But is certified sustainable palm oil (CSPO) <i>actually</i> sustainable?</p>
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<p>The short answer is no:</p>
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<ul><li>The industry standard sustainable palm oil, CSPO, is inherently problematic in that CSPO can be mixed with unsustainable palm oil at any point in the production process (mass balance supply option)<sup>[2]</sup>, meaning that plantations cultivating palm oil in an unsustainable manner are still being supported</li>
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<li>The GreenPalm system allows companies to purchase a certificate (supposedly from a sustainable grower, but the certificates are not highly regulated) and then advertise that they support the trade in sustainable palm oil<sup>[3]</sup></li>
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<li>Unilever is one of the founding members and is currently one of the chairs of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), meaning that RSPO is not solely regulated by neutral parties<sup>[4]</sup></li>
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<li>RSPO has come under fire in the past due to its lack of a ‘no deforestation’ policy<sup>[5]</sup> and its apparent inadequacy in regards to keeping track of its members and claims of certified sustainable palm oil<sup>[6]</sup></li></ul>
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<br>
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<p>As the above undoubtedly shows, there is still a need for a truly sustainable palm oil or palm oil alternative.</p>
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<br>
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<p><b>References:</b></p>
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<p>[1] http://www.economist.com/node/16423833<br>
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[2] http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/footprint/agriculture/palm_oil/solutions/responsible_purchasing/scorecard2011/supplychains.cfm<br>
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[3] http://www.ethicalconsumer.org/commentanalysis/environment/sustainablepalmoil.aspx<br>
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[4] http://www.unilever.com/sustainable-living/sustainablesourcing/palmoil/rspo/index.aspx<br>
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[5] http://news.mongabay.com/2013/0407-neste-palm-oil.html<br>
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[6] http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/Blogs/makingwaves/forest-fires-show-rspo-stamp-is-far-from-gree/blog/46047/</p>
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<p><b>The constant battle against deforestation</b></p>
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<p>Despite companies attempting to use more and more sustainable palm oil, government efforts to combat the mass deforestation associated with this industry are, for the most part, failing:</p>
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<ul><li>Norway offered to give Indonesia $1 billion if the country suspended the conversion of natural rainforests to oil palm plantations<sup>[1]</sup>. This moratorium was flawed and soon failed, yet a second attempt was initiated in May 2013. However, problems with the original moratorium are still relevant for this renewed version<sup>[2]</sup>.</li>
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<li>Plantation owners start to look at other, less-regulated, land when policies are put in place to protect their current area of work. This simply leads to a shift in where the deforestation is occurring, and does not benefit the earth overall<sup>[2]</sup></li>
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<li>An alternative to RSPO, Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) was introduced. This initiative is controlled by the Indonesian government and so many NGOs fear that it is simply a  front, allowing companies to present a sustainable front to the public whilst continuing to operate unsustainably behind the scenes<sup>[3]</sup></li></ul>
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<br>
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It is apparent that attempts to curb deforestation whilst maintaining the palm oil industry in its current incarnation is very difficult to achieve.
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<p><b>References:</b></p>
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<p>[1] http://www.redd-monitor.org/2010/05/27/norway-and-indonesia-sign-us1-billion-forest-deal/<br>
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[2](http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/26/sumatra-borneo-deforestation-tigers-palm-oil<br>
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[3] http://www.downtoearth-indonesia.org/node/477<br></p>
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                  <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Manchester/environmenttest3"> Go to <i>The Need for a Truly Sustainable, Cheap Palm Oil</i></a>
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                    <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Manchester/HumanPracticetest">HUMAN PRACTICES</a>
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                    <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Manchester/environmenttest">ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT</a>
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                    <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Manchester/environmenttest2">TASK 2</a>
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Latest revision as of 15:13, 4 October 2013

page

Top

Safety

When doing the initial research for our synthetic alternative to palm oil components, we quickly came across lots of information regarding the current palm oil industry. It soon became apparent that the economies of countries, for example Indonesia and Malaysia, depend almost entirely upon the current methods of palm oil production. Therefore we compiled a detailed impact analysis report for synthetic palm oil, which can be found by clicking on the button to the right.

Why Palm Oil Is Bad News If You're An Orangutan

As previously mentioned, the rate of deforestation is having devastating effects on the population of wild Sumatran orangutans, amongst other animals. Using the program Vortex[1] we modelled various scenarios of the fate of the orangutan, both with and without our project being implemented. The full model can be found here
Figure 1

  • Shows the current estimated timeframe for the extinction of the Sumatran orangutan due to the extent of deforestation occurring to make room for oil palm plantations

  • As it stands, orangutans would die out within the next 45 years

Figure 2
  • If our project reaches optimisation within the next 40 years, and so synthetic palm oil makes further deforestation redundant, around 650 orangutans are expected to survive

  • These 650 animals surprisingly carry the population through at least another 100 years

  • Population size does not appear to grow, and unforeseen events such as landslides could still wipe out the remainder of the population

Figure 3 and Figure 4
  • These show population sizes should our project reach optimisation after 30 years, rather than 40

  • The maximum number of orangutans left after 30 years would be around 2520, while the minimum is around 1664

  • Even at the worse case scenario, if our project is implemented within 30 years then the orangutan population could remain at a healthy level

Once the land was safe from further deforestation, steps could even be taken to reintegrate into the wild the thousands of orangutans currently in sanctuaries around the world. The above models imply that, with the implementation of our project and thus elimination of further deforestation on account of the palm oil industry, the Sumatran orangutan may well have a bright future.

References
[1] Lacy, R.C. 2000. Structure of the VORTEX simulation model for population viability analysis. Ecological Bulletins 48:191-203

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