Team:UCL/Practice/Neuroethics

From 2013.igem.org

(Difference between revisions)
(Created page with "<html> <head> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://2013.igem.org/Team:UCL/static/head.js?action=raw&ctype=text/javascript"> </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text...")
 
(29 intermediate revisions not shown)
Line 11: Line 11:
<script>
<script>
-
var word1 = "ESSAY";
+
var word1 = "NEURO";
-
var word2 = "PAGE";
+
var word2 = "ETHICS";
</script>
</script>
Line 46: Line 46:
<div class="full_page">
<div class="full_page">
-
<div class="main_image"></div>
+
<div class="small_image_right" style="background-image:url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/3/3e/Old_age_brain.jpg');height:650px;width:470px"></div>
-
<p class="major_title">MAJOR TITLE</p>
+
 
-
<p class="minor_title">Minor Title</p>
+
<p class="major_title">THE NEUROETHICS REPORT</p>
 +
<p class="minor_title">Why Look At Neuroethics?</p>
<p class="body_text">
<p class="body_text">
-
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus vel fringilla diam. Integer placerat sapien sed risus mollis, eget hendrerit lorem tincidunt. Cras a sem eros. Ut nec ligula eget tortor ornare tempus sit amet quis risus. Quisque condimentum, ipsum ac rhoncus ornare, tellus augue imperdiet libero, in venenatis justo arcu quis tellus. Vivamus magna libero, tempus ac augue at, placerat vulputate nunc. Praesent fringilla id erat ut sagittis. Sed nec semper risus, nec condimentum leo. Vestibulum pharetra pellentesque augue, non ultrices leo varius et. Vestibulum id egestas orci. Vestibulum metus ipsum, iaculis nec sapien in, fringilla cursus orci. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Curabitur eget vulputate ligula. Sed venenatis nulla et porta pharetra. Suspendisse pharetra suscipit justo sagittis consequat. Morbi eu iaculis diam, ac rhoncus urna. Pellentesque eros ligula, mollis vitae metus sit amet, interdum gravida nunc. Duis tempor quam id rhoncus sodales. Nunc commodo accumsan orci ut faucibus. Quisque vitae luctus libero. Nullam risus libero, convallis et viverra sit amet, convallis a neque. Integer adipiscing ac arcu sit amet luctus. In dignissim mauris non justo tempor, in rhoncus augue volutpat. Duis euismod sodales blandit. Vivamus volutpat molestie dignissim. Quisque cursus quam cursus dui faucibus convallis. Praesent dignissim, sem ut posuere accumsan, libero diam consequat libero, vel tempor dui mi sed massa. Aenean eros arcu, sollicitudin a euismod eu, placerat vel nunc. Nunc consequat blandit fermentum. Curabitur ante erat, lobortis ac faucibus a, sollicitudin egestas nisi. Morbi ut dolor scelerisque, fermentum est vitae, commodo tortor. Vestibulum ornare semper lorem vel volutpat. In erat ligula, auctor eu pellentesque vitae, sollicitudin id sapien. Duis pharetra sagittis purus hendrerit pharetra. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus elementum iaculis neque nec fringilla. Nunc a scelerisque nulla, et varius massa. In eu pretium eros. Quisque nec lacus elit. Mauris malesuada luctus dapibus. Vivamus eget ultricies sem. Quisque nulla tellus, euismod vel vehicula adipiscing, ornare sit amet dui. Sed eget mauris aliquam, feugiat diam vel, lacinia nunc. Ut vel est facilisis, dictum sem sit amet, lobortis arcu. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Fusce ut accumsan sapien. Sed pharetra ullamcorper dolor vitae rutrum. Aliquam luctus mattis felis vitae semper. Vivamus id sodales purus. Cras quis quam non tortor tincidunt laoreet varius suscipit lectus. Curabitur faucibus et libero quis vulputate. Nunc sed gravida libero. Phasellus eleifend, metus mattis molestie luctus, augue libero lacinia massa, ac volutpat tortor tortor quis sapien. Donec ultrices felis ut arcu rutrum sollicitudin. Praesent nec ligula at risus hendrerit aliquam. Etiam vestibulum aliquam ultricies. Ut semper libero volutpat, rutrum enim et, eleifend nibh. Nulla ornare, elit sed laoreet condimentum, quam nunc auctor sem, eu commodo elit ante id magna.  
+
Our <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:UCL/Project" target="_blank"> project</a> deals with an idea which may seem, on the face of it, frightening to some; the insertion of modified brain cells, <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:UCL/Background/Microglia" target="_blank"> microglia</a>, to try and alleviate <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:UCL/Background/Alzheimers" target="_blank"> Alzheimer's disease (AD)</a>. Although more similar to a macrophage than a neuron, engineering microglial cells represents both a scientific and an ethical challenge, not least because it seems like the stuff of <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:UCL/Practice/Creative" target="_blank"> zombie B-movies</a>. After all, using microglia to halt the progression of AD, and therefore cognitive loss, by dissolving senile plaques is only one philosophical step (albeit very many scientific steps) from a genetic system for cognitive gain, so the implications of our project stretch past medical bioethics. In the interests of assessing the feasibility of the project in <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661304002955" target="_blank"> social terms</a>, we are producing this report dealing with the attitudes and <a href=http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n11/full/nn1102-1123.html" target="_blank">neuroethics</a> of the potential use of neuro-genetic engineering in medicine, therapy and enhancement technology, as well as expounding a little on some of the scientific concepts behind various approaches.
</p>
</p>
 +
 +
 +
<p class="minor_title">The Essay</p>
 +
<p class="body_text">
 +
In a comprehensive report, team member <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:UCL/Team/Profile" target="_blank">Alexander Bates</a> takes a look at the medical ethics, the neuroethics and both the plausible and <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987708002673" target="_blank"> fanciful</a> neuroscientific applications of synthetic biology: <p class="body_text"><b><a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/7/7c/Neuroethics_Report.pdf" target="_blank">Neuro-Genethics Report.PDF</a></p>
 +
</p>
 +
<div class="gap"></div>
<div class="gap"></div>
 +
 +
<p class="minor_title">Read On Our Site</p>
 +
 +
<p class="body_text"><b> <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:UCL/Practice/Essay1" target="_blank">Introduction: Medicine and Synthetic Biology</a></p>
 +
 +
<div class="gap"></div>
 +
 +
<p class="body_text"><b> <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:UCL/Practice/Essay2" target="_blank">Medical Neuro-Genetic Engineering</a></p>
 +
 +
<div class="gap"></div>
 +
 +
<p class="body_text"><b> <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:UCL/Practice/Essay3" target="_blank">Therapeutic Neuro-Genetic Engineering</a></p>
 +
 +
<div class="gap"></div>
 +
 +
<p class="body_text"><b> <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:UCL/Practice/Essay4" target="_blank">Enhancement Neuro-Genetic Engineering</a></p>
 +
 +
<div class="gap"></div>
 +
 +
 +
<p class="body_text"><b> <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:UCL/Practice/Essay5" target="_blank">The Core of the Neuroethical Debate</a></p>
 +
 +
<div class="gap"></div>
 +
 +
<p class="body_text"><b><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:UCL/Practice/Essay6" target="_blank">Conclusion</a></p>
 +
 +
<div class="gap"></div>
 +
 +
<p class="body_text"><b><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:UCL/Practice/Essay7" target="_blank">Bibliography</a></p>
 +
 +
<div class="gap"></div>
 +
 +
<p class="minor_title">Team member's opinions on Neuroethics</p>
 +
 +
<p class="body_text"><b>Alex Bates</b> </p>
 +
<p class="body_text">Our project is, as yet, highly theoretical, but it's implications lead us to one of the most fundamental questions in life: what is it to be human? Only once in our history has the human existence been radically redefined - at the origin on mankind, the transition from animals to intelligent, self-conscious beings. We are, perhaps, moving towards the frontier of another transition - the ability to induce dramatic changes in our consciousness at will. The question, "Should we genetically engineer the brain?" essentially asks, do we want to, or even have the right to, fundamentally redefine our existence for only the second time in our history. </p>
 +
 +
<div class="gap"></div>
 +
 +
<p class="body_text"><b>Ruxi Comisel </b></p>
 +
<p class="body_text">I agree with the use of genetic engineering as part of a therapy provided that the only point of using it on the brain or in other parts of the human body is to alleviate the disastrous effect of disease on human integrity.
 +
I believe that the public should not reject this therapy as long as it is an available alternative and it can be used safely and under strict legal regulation, so that only the patients in advanced/terminal stages of suffering can benefit from it.
 +
On the other hand, I strongly oppose using genetic engineering in the context of patients who can benefit from other means of therapy known to be successful for the stages of disease they are at.</p>
 +
 +
<div class="gap"></div>
 +
 +
<p class="body_text"><b>Tom Johnson</b></p>
 +
<p class="body_text">Genetic Engineering has been around for a while, but it has typically been associated with crops rather than people. If GM crops are questioned by the public then surely we need to look long and hard at how we will influence sentient beings. Unfair advantages could be had for the rich - people could effectively buy intelligence etc. which could divide the rich - poor barrier even further.
 +
</p>
 +
 +
<div class="gap"></div>
 +
 +
<p class="body_text"><b>Andy Cheng</b></p>
 +
<p class="body_text">I personally believe genetic engineering is an amazing tool to program biological systems to perform tasks. However, the introduction of genetically engineered cells appear somewhat disturbing. We have to be able to prove these foreign cells would not interfere with the integrity of the mind.
 +
</p>
 +
 +
<div class="gap"></div>
 +
 +
<p class="body_text"><b>Oran Maguire</b></p>
 +
<p class="body_text">My feelings about Synthetic Biology as a whole are quite confused. There are a huge number of potential applicaions which are capable of impacting on every part of our lives. These could come off very well or very badly for us. I think that the objections which are grounded in the importance of unaltered life and identity do not convince me. What does make me cautious about this technlogy is the potential for environmental hazards, and its potential to be socioeconomically divisive. Who knows how that will pan out. Right now, I get the impression that the way these projects are frequently presented, largely by young and the technically gifted students, will seem rather hubristic to many people looking in from the outside. Anyone aged 50 or under has every reason to take these extraordinary developments rather gravely, so to call projects such as these "cool" will ultimately strike a bad chord, and it will set people's opinions about Synthetic Biology prematurely.
 +
</p>
 +
 +
<div class="gap"></div>
 +
 +
 +
<!-- END CONTENT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------>
<!-- END CONTENT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------>

Latest revision as of 03:55, 5 October 2013

THE NEUROETHICS REPORT

Why Look At Neuroethics?

Our project deals with an idea which may seem, on the face of it, frightening to some; the insertion of modified brain cells, microglia, to try and alleviate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although more similar to a macrophage than a neuron, engineering microglial cells represents both a scientific and an ethical challenge, not least because it seems like the stuff of zombie B-movies. After all, using microglia to halt the progression of AD, and therefore cognitive loss, by dissolving senile plaques is only one philosophical step (albeit very many scientific steps) from a genetic system for cognitive gain, so the implications of our project stretch past medical bioethics. In the interests of assessing the feasibility of the project in social terms, we are producing this report dealing with the attitudes and neuroethics of the potential use of neuro-genetic engineering in medicine, therapy and enhancement technology, as well as expounding a little on some of the scientific concepts behind various approaches.

The Essay

In a comprehensive report, team member Alexander Bates takes a look at the medical ethics, the neuroethics and both the plausible and fanciful neuroscientific applications of synthetic biology:

Neuro-Genethics Report.PDF

Read On Our Site

Introduction: Medicine and Synthetic Biology

Medical Neuro-Genetic Engineering

Therapeutic Neuro-Genetic Engineering

Enhancement Neuro-Genetic Engineering

The Core of the Neuroethical Debate

Conclusion

Bibliography

Team member's opinions on Neuroethics

Alex Bates

Our project is, as yet, highly theoretical, but it's implications lead us to one of the most fundamental questions in life: what is it to be human? Only once in our history has the human existence been radically redefined - at the origin on mankind, the transition from animals to intelligent, self-conscious beings. We are, perhaps, moving towards the frontier of another transition - the ability to induce dramatic changes in our consciousness at will. The question, "Should we genetically engineer the brain?" essentially asks, do we want to, or even have the right to, fundamentally redefine our existence for only the second time in our history.

Ruxi Comisel

I agree with the use of genetic engineering as part of a therapy provided that the only point of using it on the brain or in other parts of the human body is to alleviate the disastrous effect of disease on human integrity. I believe that the public should not reject this therapy as long as it is an available alternative and it can be used safely and under strict legal regulation, so that only the patients in advanced/terminal stages of suffering can benefit from it. On the other hand, I strongly oppose using genetic engineering in the context of patients who can benefit from other means of therapy known to be successful for the stages of disease they are at.

Tom Johnson

Genetic Engineering has been around for a while, but it has typically been associated with crops rather than people. If GM crops are questioned by the public then surely we need to look long and hard at how we will influence sentient beings. Unfair advantages could be had for the rich - people could effectively buy intelligence etc. which could divide the rich - poor barrier even further.

Andy Cheng

I personally believe genetic engineering is an amazing tool to program biological systems to perform tasks. However, the introduction of genetically engineered cells appear somewhat disturbing. We have to be able to prove these foreign cells would not interfere with the integrity of the mind.

Oran Maguire

My feelings about Synthetic Biology as a whole are quite confused. There are a huge number of potential applicaions which are capable of impacting on every part of our lives. These could come off very well or very badly for us. I think that the objections which are grounded in the importance of unaltered life and identity do not convince me. What does make me cautious about this technlogy is the potential for environmental hazards, and its potential to be socioeconomically divisive. Who knows how that will pan out. Right now, I get the impression that the way these projects are frequently presented, largely by young and the technically gifted students, will seem rather hubristic to many people looking in from the outside. Anyone aged 50 or under has every reason to take these extraordinary developments rather gravely, so to call projects such as these "cool" will ultimately strike a bad chord, and it will set people's opinions about Synthetic Biology prematurely.

Retrieved from "http://2013.igem.org/Team:UCL/Practice/Neuroethics"