Team:Newcastle

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                 <h3>Our Project</h3>
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Our project focuses on the creation and applications of L-forms: bacteria that grow without a cell wall. We propose L-forms as a novel chassis for synthetic biology. Our principle BioBrick switches <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> cells between rod-shape and L-form.
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We will use microfluidics to attempt genome shuffling and shape-shifting. It is easier to fuse bacteria without cell walls. Fusion will cause genetic recombination, allowing directed evolution. We will put L-forms in moulds to observe if they adopt different shapes.  
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L-forms exist symbiotically in plants, which we will visualise by growing GFP labelled L-forms inside seedlings. L-forms could be engineered to supply nutrients to their host. L-forms are osmotically sensitive, giving biosecurity that they lyse if they escape from the plant.
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As outreach we reflected upon our project's implications with stakeholders, created a BioGame for the public and developed a workshop for those new to modelling. Finally, we evaluated the relationship between synthetic biology and architecture.
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                <h3>Rod to L-form Switch BioBrick</h3>
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                <p>An L-form is a bacterium that has no cell wall but is still able to multiply. Many species including <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> have an L-form. Losing the cell wall alters the characteristics of a bacterium creating a wealth of new applications for a bacterial species. In order to produce L-forms we have developed a BioBrick to allow the switching between the rod and L-form state of <i>B. subtilis</i>.</p>
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                <p>Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Ut sed purus sem, quis auctor augue. Etiam molestie dapibus libero lacinia hendrerit. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce elementum malesuada facilisis. Quisque sodales viverra massa in sollicitudin. Mauris eget massa non felis dictum porta.</p>
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                 <h2>Our Project</h2>
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                 <h3>Shape Shifting</h3>
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                Our project focuses on the creation and applications of L-forms: bacteria that grow without a cell wall. We propose L-forms as a novel chassis for synthetic biology. Our principle BioBrick switches <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> cells between rod-shape and L-form.
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The loss of the cell wall leaves L-forms protected by only a cell membrane. The plasma membrane of L-forms is quite fluid and it's shape is governed by laws of physics, just like that of eukarytotic cells. The advantage of this is that cells would be able to adapt to shapes of various cracks and cavities, or will be able to "squeeze through" tiny channels and deliver cargo to a hard-to reach target.
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                We will use microfluidics to attempt genome shuffling and shape-shifting. It is easier to fuse bacteria without cell walls. Fusion will cause genetic recombination, allowing directed evolution. We will put L-forms in moulds to observe if they adopt different shapes.  
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We will test this hypothesis by injecting the L-forms into specially designed microfluidics chambers and observe their behaviour under the microscope. Prior to the experiment we will attempt to construct a rough model of the membrane behaviour under stress conditions, which include cell growth and boundaries provided by the chamber walls.
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                 L-forms exist symbiotically in plants, which we will visualise by growing GFP labelled L-forms inside seedlings. L-forms could be engineered to supply nutrients to their host. L-forms are osmotically sensitive, giving biosecurity that they lyse if they escape from the plant.
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                As outreach we reflected upon our project's implications with stakeholders, created a BioGame for the public and developed a workshop for those new to modelling. Finally, we evaluated the relationship between synthetic biology and architecture.
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                <h3>L-forms in Plants</h3>
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                <p>L-forms and plants can exist in a symbiotic relationship as plants provide an osmotically suitable environment. In return, L-forms can confer benefits to their host including reducing the rate of fungal infection. We plan to wash seedlings in a solution of GFP labelled L-forms, allowing the seedlings to take up the bacteria. We will then view our L-forms inside the plant using confocal microscopy.
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In the future, L-forms could be engineered to supply nutrients to plants, potentially increasing crop yield in low fertility soil. L-forms are osmotically sensitive, giving the ethical advantage that they lyse if they escape from their host plant into the environment. Please click this box for more information.
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We have created a novel chassis for Synthetic Biology, one that is not hindered by its cell wall. These cells are called “L-Forms” or as we prefer to call them: naked bacteria. Even better, we’ve already begun putting them to good use!
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Many of the interactions between engineering and biology, required in Synthetic Biology, would be made easier without the barrier of the cell wall.  Bacteria with a cell wall are harder to get things into and out of, harder to fuse together and won’t mould into different shapes. Our main BioBrick allows us not only to remove the cell wall, but to turn it back on again at the flick of a switch, ensuring the bacterium’s dignity remains intact!
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We can fuse L-forms together and recombine their genomes - our naked bacteria undergo sexual reproduction! ;) This can be used to shuffle genomes and perform directed evolution to produce bacteria with improved phenotypes.
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L-forms have been shown to inhabit plants, we didn’t want our naked bacteria to feel left out so we put them inside plants too. They could provide natural resistance to the plant from  pathogens, and could be used to deliver  useful molecules.
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Naked bacteria cannot live outside of an osmotically suitable environment; as soon as they leave a plant or the lab, they’ll burst. They essentially have an in-built kill-switch. You won’t be finding any of our naked bacteria getting dirty in soil.
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                <h3>L-form</h3>
 
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                <p>An L-form is a bacterium that has no cell wall. Bacterial morphology is determined by the cell wall, and so their morphology differs from the strain of bacteria from which they are derived, giving rise to a variety of cell sizes. The cell wall is important for cell division. Binary fission is a highly conserved mechanism required for proliferation of almost all cells. Due to the absence of the cell wall, L-forms are easily transformed, so we propose to use inducible L-forms of Bacillus subtilis as a novel chassis.</p>
 
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                <p>We are working on four themes which include: Shuffling, Recombination & Endosymbiosis; Introducing and detecting L-forms in Plants; Shape-shifting; Investigating two-component systems in L-forms. Details of the individual themes can be found under &quot;Projects&quot; on the main menu</p>
 
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{{Team:Newcastle/Sponsors}}

Latest revision as of 12:09, 26 October 2013

 
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IGEM Home Newcastle University

Click below to explore!

Our Project

We have created a novel chassis for Synthetic Biology, one that is not hindered by its cell wall. These cells are called “L-Forms” or as we prefer to call them: naked bacteria. Even better, we’ve already begun putting them to good use!

Many of the interactions between engineering and biology, required in Synthetic Biology, would be made easier without the barrier of the cell wall. Bacteria with a cell wall are harder to get things into and out of, harder to fuse together and won’t mould into different shapes. Our main BioBrick allows us not only to remove the cell wall, but to turn it back on again at the flick of a switch, ensuring the bacterium’s dignity remains intact!

We can fuse L-forms together and recombine their genomes - our naked bacteria undergo sexual reproduction! ;) This can be used to shuffle genomes and perform directed evolution to produce bacteria with improved phenotypes.

L-forms have been shown to inhabit plants, we didn’t want our naked bacteria to feel left out so we put them inside plants too. They could provide natural resistance to the plant from pathogens, and could be used to deliver useful molecules.

Naked bacteria cannot live outside of an osmotically suitable environment; as soon as they leave a plant or the lab, they’ll burst. They essentially have an in-built kill-switch. You won’t be finding any of our naked bacteria getting dirty in soil.

Newcastle University The Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology Newcastle Biomedicine The School of Computing Science The School of Computing Science

Retrieved from "http://2013.igem.org/Team:Newcastle"