Team:Hong Kong HKUST/hp/article/genet

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Gene Therapy Article

Overview

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) iGEM 2013 team has built a fatty acid inducible system that enable inducible glyoxylate shunt to serve as an artificial futile cycle in human liver cells to ultimately increase energy expenditure responding to high circulating fatty acid levels. This can help obesity patients increase expenditure of calories and alleviate health complications such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. To express this futile cycle, genes necessary for the inducible glyoxylate shunt need to be introduced into a human body. Because introducing genes into the human body is currently not a common therapeutic method, we thought it would be necessary to research on the details of how our project could be actually applied. Even though the application of our project may not occur in the near future, we thought it was necessary to evaluate our project’s application as a potential biotechnology product. We have investigated a possible method that is under serious research in the science community: gene therapy. In this article, we will introduce the approach in more detail; examine the bio-safety and bio-ethical issues; and lastly inspect if our project could be applied using this method.

Overview

References

Dailey, K. (2013, June 25). Obesity is a disease in the us. should it be?. BBC. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/23011804

Handbook help me understand genetics gene therapy. In (2013). Genetics home reference.

Huang, L., & Niidome, T. (2002). Gene therapy progress and prospects: nonviral vectors. Gene Therapy,9(24), 1647-1652. Retrieved from http://www.nature.com/gt/journal/v9/n24/abs/3301923a.html

Wirth, T., Parker, N., & Ylä-Herttuala, W. (2013). History of gene therapy. Elsevier-Gene , 525(2), 162-169. Retrieved from http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0378111913004344/1-s2.0-S0378111913004344-main.pdf?_tid=42ad73a2-108c-11e3-a4a5-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1377768215_ab7a2ccc7dc6f1f218759a92fccfc8ba

Yu, C. H. (2013, July 16). Interview by J.H. Lee ]. Hkust igem 2013 team informative interview with professor yu.

Retrieved from "http://2013.igem.org/Team:Hong_Kong_HKUST/hp/article/genet"

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-					<a href=">Conclusion</a>
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-					<h2 class="centered">Gene Therapy Articles</h2>
+					<h2 class="centered">Gene Therapy Article</h2>
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-					<h3>Summary</h3>
+					<h3>Overview</h3>
-We have developed a novel biosensing platform to be used for long-term, continuous monitoring of environmental toxins, such as arsenic and naphthalene. Traditional biosensors commonly output fluorescence, pH, or luminescence&#8212;which then need to be interpreted. Our simpler bacterium-based biosensor directly outputs electric current. This platform offers several advantages.
+Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) iGEM 2013 team has built a fatty acid inducible system that enable inducible glyoxylate shunt to serve as an artificial futile cycle in human liver cells to ultimately increase energy expenditure responding to high circulating fatty acid levels. This can help obesity patients increase expenditure of calories and alleviate health complications such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. To express this futile cycle, genes necessary for the inducible glyoxylate shunt need to be introduced into a human body. Because introducing genes into the human body is currently not a common therapeutic method, we thought it would be necessary to research on the details of how our project could be actually applied. Even though the application of our project may not occur in the near future, we thought it was necessary to evaluate our project’s application as a potential biotechnology product. We have investigated a possible method that is under serious research in the science community: gene therapy. In this article, we will introduce the approach in more detail; examine the bio-safety and bio-ethical issues; and lastly inspect if our project could be applied using this method.<br><br>
-<br><br>
-In order to produce an electrical output in response to analyte, we base our biosensing solution on the well-characterized metal reduction (Mtr) pathway of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. By shutting electrons through the Mtr pathway, MR-1 is capable of transferring electrons to inorganic solids and generating current at solid-state electrodes. In particular, we choose to utilize MtrB in our biosensing system, as it plays an essential role in localization of components in the Mtr pathway [3].
-<br><br>
-We have designed our biosensing platform to upregulate MtrB production in the presence of analyte. To construct reporter systems for both arsenic and naphthalene, we rely on a complementation strategy based on an mtrB deficient strain of S. oneidensis MR-1 [Strain JG700 [&Delta;mtrB], 2]. The endogenous copy of mtrB has been removed in JG700; therefore, by reintroducing mtrB to this knockout strain under the control of an analyte-sensitive regulation system, we restore the functionality of mtrB in proportion to the amount of analyte present in culture media. Because MtrB is essential for electrode reduction in microbial fuel cells, we will observe a current increase in response to analyte when our engineered strains are used to inoculate bioelectrochemical reactors [4].
-<br><br>
-Because of their capability to directly transfer electrons to acceptors outside the cell, Shewanella strains are often used in microbial electrochemical systems wherein an electrode serves as a terminal electron acceptor in the Mtr pathway. In general, a microbial electrochemical system is just like any other electrochemical cell, except that a microbe is responsible for catalyzing the oxidation/reduction reaction at either the anode or the cathode. For our purposes, we are interested in half-microbial electrochemical systems with three-electrode setups, since such systems can be easily maintained at constant conditions over extended periods of time by poising the potential of a working electrode—to which the bacteria respire—with respect to a reference.
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+<div class="nine columns">
+					<h3>Overview</h3>
+Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) iGEM 2013 team has built a fatty acid inducible system that enable inducible glyoxylate shunt to serve as an artificial futile cycle in human liver cells to ultimately increase energy expenditure responding to high circulating fatty acid levels. This can help obesity patients increase expenditure of calories and alleviate health complications such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. To express this futile cycle, genes necessary for the inducible glyoxylate shunt need to be introduced into a human body. Because introducing genes into the human body is currently not a common therapeutic method, we thought it would be necessary to research on the details of how our project could be actually applied. Even though the application of our project may not occur in the near future, we thought it was necessary to evaluate our project’s application as a potential biotechnology product. We have investigated a possible method that is under serious research in the science community: gene therapy. In this article, we will introduce the approach in more detail; examine the bio-safety and bio-ethical issues; and lastly inspect if our project could be applied using this method.<br><br>
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 <h3>References</h3>
-. Dowdesw, L., Dillon, P., Miall, A., &amp; Smol, J. P. (2010). A foundation for the future: building an environmental monitoring system for the oil sands, Environment Canada.
+Dailey, K. (2013, June 25). Obesity is a disease in the us. should it be?. <i>BBC</i>. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/23011804<br><br>
-<br><br>
+Handbook help me understand genetics gene therapy. In (2013). <i>Genetics home reference.</i><br><br>
-. Coursolle, D., and Gralnick, J.A. (2012). Reconstruction of extracellular respiratory pathways for iron(III) reduction in Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1. Frontiers in Microbiology 3(56)
+Huang, L., & Niidome, T. (2002). Gene therapy progress and prospects: nonviral vectors. <i>Gene Therapy,9<i>(24), 1647-1652. Retrieved from http://www.nature.com/gt/journal/v9/n24/abs/3301923a.html<br><br>
-<br><br>
+Wirth, T., Parker, N., & Ylä-Herttuala, W. (2013). History of gene therapy. <i>Elsevier-Gene</i> , 525(2), 162-169. Retrieved from http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0378111913004344/1-s2.0-S0378111913004344-main.pdf?_tid=42ad73a2-108c-11e3-a4a5-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1377768215_ab7a2ccc7dc6f1f218759a92fccfc8ba<br><br>
-. Hartshorne, R. S., Reardon, C. L., Ross, D., Nuester, J., Clarke, T. A., Gates, A. J., Mills, P. C., et al. (2009). Characterization of an electron conduit between bacteria and the extracellular environment . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . doi:10.1073/pnas.0900086106
+Yu, C. H. (2013, July 16). Interview by J.H. Lee ]. Hkust igem 2013 team informative interview with professor yu.
-<br><br>
-. Coursolle, D., Baron, D.B., Bond, D.R., and Gralnick, J.A. (2010). The Mtr respiratory pathway is essential for reducing flavins and electrodes in Shewanella oneidensis. Journal of Bacteriology 192(2): 467-474
-<br><br>
-. Nivens, D.E., McKnight, T.E., Moser, S.A., Osbourn, S.J., Simpson, M.L., &amp; Sayler, G. S. (2004). Bioluminescent bioreporter integrated circuits: potentially small, rugged and inexpensive whole-cell biosensors for remote environmental monitoring. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 96(1): 33-46.
-<br><br>
-. Siegfried, K., Endes, C., Bhuiyan, A. F. M. K., Kuppardt, A., Mattusch, J., van der Meer, J. R., Chatzinotas, A., et al. (2012). Field testing of arsenic in groundwater samples of Bangladesh using a test kit based on lyophilized bioreporter bacteria. Environmental Science &amp; Technology 46(6), 3281-7
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