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                 <p><i><u>Rhodotorula</u></i> is pigment produce yeast quite easily identifiable by distinctive orange/red colonies when grown on SDA. This distinctive color is the result of pigments that the yeast creates to block out certain wavelengths of light that would otherwise be damaging to the cell. Colony color can vary from being cream colored to orange/red/pink or yellow.<br/>

                     &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp<i><u>Rhodotorula</u></i> is a common environmental inhabitant. It can be cultured from soil, water, and air samples. It is able to scavenge nitrogenous compounds from its environment remarkably well, growing even in air which has been carefully cleaned of any fixed nitrogen contaminants. In such conditions, the nitrogen content of the dry weight of <i><u>Rhodotorula</u></i> can drop as low as 1%, compared to around 14% for most bacteria growing in normal conditions. <br/>

                     &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbspThe increasing cost of vegetable oils is turning the use of microbial lipids into a competitive alternative for the production of biodiesel fuel. The oleaginous yeast <i><u>Rhodotorula glutinis</u></i> is able to use a broad range of carbon sources for lipid production, and is able to resist some of the inhibitors commonly released during hydrolysis of lignocellulose materials. <br/>

                     &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp So we choose <i>R.g.</i> for the Expression system.<br/>

                     &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbspThermogenic yeast relies on cultural media to grow and to generate heat. This way, the Yeastherm is kind of like burning media as fuel, which is expensive compared with other heating methods such as gas, coal, or electricity. To make our project a more competitive choice when considering large-scale heat production such as heating up a pound in the winter, it is necessary to reduce the cost of culturing yeast. Thanks to previous study in the field of biofuel, we have several solutions of cheaper substitutions of cultural medium contents.<br/>

                     &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbspAccording to Jie Tao and his colleague’s study, agricultural and forestry residues can be used as an alternative of carbon source, taking advantage of <i><u>Rhodotorula glutinis’s</u></i> ability to assimilate xylose.[1]  Agricultural residues such as rice straw and corn stalk are usually burned after harvest. Using these materials not only lower the expense but also benefits the environment. Raw materials like rice or wheat straw are first cut into pieces of appropriate size. They are then hydrolyzed using sulfuric acid with boiling water bath, turninig into hemicellulosic hydrolyzate. Saccharides can be obtained in supernatant after centrifugation and washings of the residue with hot water. <br/>

                     &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbspAfter expressing SrUCP in <i><u>Rhodotorula glutinis</u></i>, we will test for appropriate concentration for Agricultural residue extraction considering growth condition and heating power. The optimized heat power will then be used in large scale simulation as well as calculation of cost reduced. If time permitted, we will dig further into the component of the hemicellulosic hydrolyzate, as it is reviewed that there might be inhibiting compound.[2][3]<br/><br/>

                     Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB<br/>