Team:Glendale CC AZ/Project/Background/Overview

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<h1><big style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);"><big><big><big> Overview </big></big></big></big></h1>
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</article>
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<h4>Glendale Community College Arizona<img
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<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 40px;"><span
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style="width: 200px; height: 58px;" alt="GCC"
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style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"><a
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href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/igem.org/a/a1/Background_Overview.png"><img
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</h4>
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style="border: 0px solid ; width: 580px; height: 291px;" alt="Overview"
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  <h3><big style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);"><big><big><big> Overview </big></big></big></big></h3> 
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align="right"></a></span><span
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  <p>Desert areas, making up almost one-quarter of the Earth surface, are home to 500 million people. As a result of human habitation, every continent in the world except Antarctica is increasingly and adversely affected by desertification. Studies forecasting climate trends indicate that desert regions will face an even drier future – in regard to both climatic factors and drought conditions – stemming from the influence of human activities. One human-created impact on these desert environments is pollution. Many remediation challenges exist specific to the extremely dry conditions present in these arid locales. For example, what happens when a desert area is polluted with such substances as plastics, where commonly employed bioremediation agents used for environmental cleanup cannot survive desert climates’ high temperature and low humidity extremes? Our team has developed a kit containing biological components that will provide desiccation resistance to organisms used to facilitate the elimination of contaminants, like plastics, in desert-like environments. Our goal is to design an assortment of complementary parts, which will strengthen organisms and help to broaden their climatic and geographic range of effectiveness. While some parts included in our kit could, conceivably, provide resistance to other types of stresses, such as ionizing radiation, we will initially focus on desiccation. Because of its potential to expand the extent of the efficacy of these biological breakdown expedients into even climatically extreme territories, our kit could be a valuable addition to any bioremediation project.</p>
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style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">Desert areas, making up almost one-quarter of the Earth surface, are home to 500 million people. As a result of human habitation, every continent in the world except Antarctica is increasingly and adversely affected by desertification. Studies forecasting climate trends indicate that desert regions will face an even drier future – in regard to both climatic factors and drought conditions – stemming from the influence of human activities. One human-created impact on these desert environments is pollution. Many remediation challenges exist specific to the extremely dry conditions present in these arid locales. For example, what happens when a desert area is polluted with such substances as plastics, where commonly employed bioremediation agents used for environmental cleanup cannot survive desert climates’ high temperature and low humidity extremes? Our team has developed a kit containing biological components that will provide desiccation resistance to organisms used to facilitate the elimination of contaminants, like plastics, in desert-like environments. Our goal is to design an assortment of complementary parts, which will strengthen organisms and help to broaden their climatic and geographic range of effectiveness. While some parts included in our kit could, conceivably, provide resistance to other types of stresses, such as ionizing radiation, we will initially focus on desiccation. Because of its potential to expand the extent of the efficacy of these biological breakdown expedients into even climatically extreme territories, our kit could be a valuable addition to any bioremediation project.</span><br
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<h3>Previous Research</h3>
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style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
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<h3>Deinococcus radiodurans</h3>
 +
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus
 +
magna. Cras in mi at felis aliquet congue. Ut a est eget ligula
 +
molestie gravida. Curabitur massa. Donec eleifend, libero at sagittis
 +
mollis, tellus est malesuada tellus, at luctus turpis elit sit amet
 +
quam. Vivamus pretium ornare est. </p>
 +
<h3>PprI</h3>
 +
<p> For the team’s Igem project, we wanted to increase E. coli’s
 +
desiccation resistance to help it survive in a desert environment. To
 +
do this, we planned to insert different genes from the <em>Deinococcus</em>
 +
species into the <em>E. coli</em> to increase its resistance to
 +
dessication. One of the genes our Igem group wanted to investigate was
 +
PprI. PprI is the transcriptional regulator involved in the expression
 +
of many of the DNA damage response proteins in <em>Deinococcus
 +
radiodurans.</em> In 2012, the Osaka team transformed E. coli with PprI
 +
to determine its effects on hydrogen peroxide resistance. Because of
 +
this, a PprI part from this team was in the Igem parts database. This
 +
allowed us to order their PprI part from the Igem registry and perform
 +
our experiments with it.</p>
 +
<h3>LeA</h3>
 +
<p>During our research for desiccation-resistance factors, we came
 +
across with the 2010 Valencia iGEM project. They demonstrated that late
 +
embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEA) from soy beans provided
 +
protection against extreme temperatures, when expressed in E. coli.
 +
Since high temperatures might lead to desiccation, we decided to
 +
explore LEA proteins in more detail. Previous studies have reported
 +
that LEA protein enhances the tolerance to various environmental
 +
stresses in organisms (Liu, Zheng, Zhang, Wang, &amp; Li, 2010). They
 +
were first discovered in cottonseed and other plants vegetative tissues
 +
that were exposed to cold temperatures, drought, and high salinity (Liu
 +
et al., 2010).</p>
 +
<blockquote> <aside>"At first, the idea of plant proteins in <em>Deinococcus</em>
 +
sounded unconceivable to us. However, our curiosity paid off as we
 +
discovered that <em>Deinococcus radiodurans</em> had homolog LEA
 +
proteins which are hypothesized to be acquired via horizontal gene
 +
transfer (Makarova et al., 2001). Three of these D. radiodurans
 +
proteins are DR0105, DR1372 and DR1172 which show similarity to
 +
well-characterized and widespread desiccation induced LEA proteins in
 +
plants (Makarova et al., 2001)."<cite> -GCC's iGEM Team</cite></aside> </blockquote>
 +
LEA proteins are part of an extensive multi-gene family and are
 +
classified based on their sequences and expression patterns (Liu et
 +
al., 2010). Since Deinococcus was our organism of interest, we looked
 +
for studies that had reported homolog LEA proteins in this bacterium.
 +
<h3>PprA</h3>
 +
<p>Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada
 +
fames ac turpis egestas. Vestibulum tortor quam, feugiat vitae,
 +
ultricies eget, tempor sit amet, ante. Donec eu libero sit amet quam
 +
egestas semper. facilisis luctus, metus</p>
 +
<p>Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada
 +
fames ac turpis egestas. Vestibulum tortor quam, feugiat vitae,
 +
ultricies eget, tempor sit amet, ante. Donec eu libero sit amet quam
 +
egestas semper. facilisis luctus, metus</p>
 +
<h3>RecA</h3>
 +
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus
 +
magna. Cras in mi at felis aliquet congue. Ut a est eget ligula
 +
molestie gravida. Curabitur massa. Donec eleifend, libero at sagittis
 +
mollis, tellus est malesuada tellus, at luctus turpis elit sit amet
 +
quam. Vivamus pretium ornare est.</p>
 +
<h3>PprM</h3>
 +
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus
 +
magna. Cras in mi at felis aliquet congue. Ut a est eget ligula
 +
molestie gravida. Curabitur massa. Donec eleifend, libero at sagittis
 +
mollis, tellus est malesuada tellus, at luctus turpis elit sit amet
 +
quam. Vivamus pretium ornare est.</p>
 +
<hr>
 +
<h3>References</h3>
 +
<ul>
 +
<li>Liu, Y., Zheng, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, W., &amp; Li, R. (2010, May
 +
1). Soybean PM2 protein (LEA3) confers the tolerance of Escherichia
 +
coli and stabilization of enzyme activity under diverse stresses.
 +
Current Microbiology, 60(5), 373-378. doi:10.1007/s00284-009-9552-2
 +
</li>
 +
<li>MAKAROVA, K. S., ARAVIND, L., WOLF, Y. I., TATUSOV, R., MINTON,
 +
K. W., KOONIN, E. V., &amp; DALY, M. J. (2001, March). Genome of the
 +
extremely radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans viewed
 +
from the perspective of comparative genomics. MICROBIOLOGY AND
 +
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS, 65(1), 44-79.
 +
doi:10.1128/MMBR.65.1.44–79.2001</li>
 +
</ul>
</div>
</div>
-
&nbsp;
+
<!--/.content-area-->D. radiodurans - Esther
-
<span
+
PprA- Sean
-
style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></span><br>
+
RecA- Teresa
-
<span
+
PprM- Teresa
-
style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></span><br>
+
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Revision as of 04:05, 22 September 2013

Glendale Community College ArizonaGCC

Overview

Desert areas, making up almost one-quarter of the Earth surface, are home to 500 million people. As a result of human habitation, every continent in the world except Antarctica is increasingly and adversely affected by desertification. Studies forecasting climate trends indicate that desert regions will face an even drier future – in regard to both climatic factors and drought conditions – stemming from the influence of human activities. One human-created impact on these desert environments is pollution. Many remediation challenges exist specific to the extremely dry conditions present in these arid locales. For example, what happens when a desert area is polluted with such substances as plastics, where commonly employed bioremediation agents used for environmental cleanup cannot survive desert climates’ high temperature and low humidity extremes? Our team has developed a kit containing biological components that will provide desiccation resistance to organisms used to facilitate the elimination of contaminants, like plastics, in desert-like environments. Our goal is to design an assortment of complementary parts, which will strengthen organisms and help to broaden their climatic and geographic range of effectiveness. While some parts included in our kit could, conceivably, provide resistance to other types of stresses, such as ionizing radiation, we will initially focus on desiccation. Because of its potential to expand the extent of the efficacy of these biological breakdown expedients into even climatically extreme territories, our kit could be a valuable addition to any bioremediation project.

Previous Research

Deinococcus radiodurans

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus magna. Cras in mi at felis aliquet congue. Ut a est eget ligula molestie gravida. Curabitur massa. Donec eleifend, libero at sagittis mollis, tellus est malesuada tellus, at luctus turpis elit sit amet quam. Vivamus pretium ornare est.

PprI

For the team’s Igem project, we wanted to increase E. coli’s desiccation resistance to help it survive in a desert environment. To do this, we planned to insert different genes from the Deinococcus species into the E. coli to increase its resistance to dessication. One of the genes our Igem group wanted to investigate was PprI. PprI is the transcriptional regulator involved in the expression of many of the DNA damage response proteins in Deinococcus radiodurans. In 2012, the Osaka team transformed E. coli with PprI to determine its effects on hydrogen peroxide resistance. Because of this, a PprI part from this team was in the Igem parts database. This allowed us to order their PprI part from the Igem registry and perform our experiments with it.

LeA

During our research for desiccation-resistance factors, we came across with the 2010 Valencia iGEM project. They demonstrated that late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEA) from soy beans provided protection against extreme temperatures, when expressed in E. coli. Since high temperatures might lead to desiccation, we decided to explore LEA proteins in more detail. Previous studies have reported that LEA protein enhances the tolerance to various environmental stresses in organisms (Liu, Zheng, Zhang, Wang, & Li, 2010). They were first discovered in cottonseed and other plants vegetative tissues that were exposed to cold temperatures, drought, and high salinity (Liu et al., 2010).

LEA proteins are part of an extensive multi-gene family and are classified based on their sequences and expression patterns (Liu et al., 2010). Since Deinococcus was our organism of interest, we looked for studies that had reported homolog LEA proteins in this bacterium.

PprA

Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Vestibulum tortor quam, feugiat vitae, ultricies eget, tempor sit amet, ante. Donec eu libero sit amet quam egestas semper. facilisis luctus, metus

Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Vestibulum tortor quam, feugiat vitae, ultricies eget, tempor sit amet, ante. Donec eu libero sit amet quam egestas semper. facilisis luctus, metus

RecA

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus magna. Cras in mi at felis aliquet congue. Ut a est eget ligula molestie gravida. Curabitur massa. Donec eleifend, libero at sagittis mollis, tellus est malesuada tellus, at luctus turpis elit sit amet quam. Vivamus pretium ornare est.

PprM

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus magna. Cras in mi at felis aliquet congue. Ut a est eget ligula molestie gravida. Curabitur massa. Donec eleifend, libero at sagittis mollis, tellus est malesuada tellus, at luctus turpis elit sit amet quam. Vivamus pretium ornare est.

References

  • Liu, Y., Zheng, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, W., & Li, R. (2010, May 1). Soybean PM2 protein (LEA3) confers the tolerance of Escherichia coli and stabilization of enzyme activity under diverse stresses. Current Microbiology, 60(5), 373-378. doi:10.1007/s00284-009-9552-2
  • MAKAROVA, K. S., ARAVIND, L., WOLF, Y. I., TATUSOV, R., MINTON, K. W., KOONIN, E. V., & DALY, M. J. (2001, March). Genome of the extremely radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans viewed from the perspective of comparative genomics. MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS, 65(1), 44-79. doi:10.1128/MMBR.65.1.44–79.2001
D. radiodurans - Esther PprA- Sean RecA- Teresa PprM- Teresa

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