Team:XMU-China/Content5

1 Circuit Construction

1. Material

2. PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

3. Digestion

4. Ligation

5. Transformation

2 SDS-PAGE

1. Preparation

2. Bacteria culture

3. Protein electrophoresis

3 Microfluidic Protocol

1. Pre-procession of DH5α

2. Pre-procession of LB

3. Wetting the chip & Capturing images

Material

1.1 Culture medium: LB (Luria-Bertani)

LB medium: 5g Yeast Extract, 10g Tryptone and 10g NaCl, add ddH₂O to 1L.
LB solid medium: 5g Yeast Extract, 10g Tryptone, 10g NaCl and 15 g agar, add ddH₂O to 1L.

1.2 Antibiotic

Antibiotic	Stock conc.	Final conc.	Solvent	Sterilization
Ampicillin	100 mg/ml	50 ug/ml	ddH2O	filtration
Chloramphenicol	25 mg/ml	25 ug/ml	Absolute ethyl alcohol
Tetracycline	40 mg/ml	20 ug/ml	75% absolute ethyl alcohol
Kanamycin	25 mg/ml	25 ug/ml	ddH2O	filtration

Stock in -20°C

1.3 Plasmid (Biobrick)

Part	Backbone	Type	Location	Size (bp)
BBa_K546000	pSB1C3	Signaling	2013-P1-12D	1964	2070
BBa_I763020	pSB1C3	Intermediate RBS-GFP-TT	2013-P3-11H	914	2070
BBa_F2621	pSB1A2	Signaling	2013-P2-21F	1158	2079
BBa_K546001	pSB1C3	Device	2013-P1-12F	2135	2070
Ba_J04450	pSB4K5	Reporter	2013-P5-5G	1429	3409
BBa_J04450	pSB3T5	Reporter	2013-P5-7C	1429	3241
BBa_J04450	pSB3T5	Reporter	2013-P3-3H	1429	3241

1.4 Strain

Strain	Application	Source
E. coli DH5α	cloning	Lab stock
E. coli BL21(DE3)		Lab stock
E. coli BL21		From Taiwan
E. coli MG1655

1.5 Primer

Part	Backbone	Type	Location	Size (bp)
				part	backbone
BBa_K546000	pSB1C3	Signaling	2013-P1-12D	1964	2070
BBa_I763020	pSB1C3	Intermediate RBS-GFP-TT	2013-P3-11H	914	2070
BBa_F2621	pSB1A2	Signaling	2013-P2-21F	1158	2079
BBa_K546001	pSB1C3	Device	2013-P1-12F	2135	2070
Ba_J04450	pSB4K5	Reporter	2013-P5-5G	1429	3409
BBa_J04450	pSB3T5	Reporter	2013-P5-7C	1429	3241
			2013-P3-3H

2. PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

2.1 General PCR

Reaction system:

Template	1 μl
Forward Primer	2 μl
Reverse Primer	2 μl
dNTP Mixture	8 μl
10*Ex Buffer	5 μl
Ex Taq	0.5 μl
ddH2O	31.5 μl
Total Volume	50 μl

Reaction condition:

94 oC	4 min
94 oC	1 min	30 cycles
55 oC	0.5 min
72 oC	1.5 min
72 oC	10 min
4 oC	∝

2.2 Fusion PCR

Every biobrick has four sites: EcoR I, Xba I, Spe I and Pst I. When two parts were ligated after digestion by Xba I and Spe I, an 8 bp-size fragment (TACTAGAG) will appear between two parts. If we want to add a fragment in the end of a CDS, for example a fast-degradation tag LVA, the additional 8 bp-size fragment will affect the expression of the CDS. Fusion PCR will resolve this problem. Firstly, two pair primers are designed: F1 and R1 for gene A, F2 and R2 for gene B. The 5'-end of R1 and F2 have about 21-bp homologous region. Secondly, gene A and gene B are amplified via PCR independently. Thirdly, the purified gene A and gene B are fused together via PCR with F1 and R2.

2.3 Colony PCR

Reaction system:

Template	colony
Forward Primer	1 μl
Reverse Primer	1 μl
dNTP Mixture	4 μl
10*PCR Buffer	2.5 μl
rTaq	0.25 μl
ddH2O	16.25 μl
Total Volume	25 μl

Reaction condition:

94 oC	4 min
94 oC	1 min	25 cycles
55 oC	0.5 min
72 oC	1.5 min
72 oC	10 min
4 oC	∝

3. Digestion

3.1 Digestion for confirmation

Reaction System:

Single Digestion		Double Digestion
Plasmid	5	Plasmid	5
EcoR I	1	EcoR I	1
/		Pst I	1
10*H buffer	1	10*M buffer	1
ddH2O	3	ddH2O	2
Total Volume	10	Total Volume	10
Total Volume

Reaction condition: 37°C for 1 hours.

3.2 Digestion for ligation

Reaction System:

A + B		B + A		Volume (μl)	Volume (μl)
A	B	A	B	30	50
EcoR I	EcoR I	Xba I	Spe I	3	5
Spe I	Xba I	Pst I	Pst I	3	5
10*H buffer	10*M buffer	10*M buffer	10*H buffer	4	8
ddH2O				0	12
Total Volume				40	80

4. Ligation

	Volume (μl)
Insert	V1
Vector	V2
10*ligation buffer	1
T4 Ligase	1
Total Volume	10

5. Transformation

5.1 Chemical Competent Cell Preparation (E.coli)

Activate the E.coli strain on LB-plate from glycerol stock under the condition of 37^oC for 12 hours.

Pre-culture single-colony in 10 mL LB medium under the condition of 37^oC, 200 rpm for 12 hours.

Add 200 μl pre-culture into 20 mL LB medium under the condition of 37^oC, 200 rpm for 2 hours.

Place on ice for 30 min. Aliquot into sterile 1.5 mL tubes and spin down at 4000 rpm for 10 min at 4 ^oC, then discard supernatant.

Gently re-suspend each pellet with 1 mL0.1 M ice cold CaCl₂-MgCl₂ solution. Centrifuge 4000 rpm for 10 min and discard supernatant. 

Re-suspend each pellet on ice in 200 μL 0.1 M ice cold CaCl₂-MgCl₂ solution

5.2 Chemical Competent Cell Preparation (E.coli with plasmid(s))

When you prepare the competent cell of E.coli with plasmid(s), you need add half-concentration of appropriate antibiotic(s) in LB.

5.3 General Transformation

Add 1 μL plasmid or 10 μL ligation system into 100 μL fresh chemical competent cells and mix gently. Leave on ice for 30 minutes.

Heat shock tubes in 42^oC water bath for 90 seconds, then place them on ice for 10 minutes immediately.

Incubate for 1~2 hr with 200 rpm shaking at 37°C. When the antibiotic of vector is ampicillin, the time of incubate is 1 hr.

Add 600 μL fresh LB medium into each tube.

Spread 100 μL on an LB solid medium plate containing the appropriate antibiotics and incubate overnight at 37°C

Two or three plasmids Transformation

Usually we just transform one plasmid into host cell, but sometimes we need transform two or three plasmids. Plasmid compatibility is considerable. Generally different replication origin means they are compatibility. We transform plasmids one by one from the low copy number to high copy number.

Preparation

2.1 Bacterial strains:

The experimental strains:E.coli

2.2 The main instruments and reagents
Instruments

autopipets, electrophoresis meter, Vortex oscillator, Labscan Scanner, decolorization table, desk centrifuge, temperature metal bath, electronic balance, acidometer, enzyme-labeled instrument, superclean bench, constant temperature vibrator, shaking table.

Reagents

LB liquid medium: yeast powder 5.0 g ;Tryptone 10.0 g ;sodium chloride 10.0 g;deionized water to produce 1000 ml medium.

LB solid medium: Put 1.5 g agar into every 100 ml liquid medium.

Preparation of electrophoretic solution

ddH₂O;4 X Running Gel Buffer (PH 8.8,1.5 M Tris-HCl);4 X Running Gel Buffer (pH 6.8,1.5 M Tris-HCl);Monomer Solution;10% sodium dodecylsulphate(SDS);10% Ammonium Persulfate(APS);N,N,N',N'- tetramethylethylenediamine(TEMED);loading buffer;Tank Buffer;industrial alcohol; Marker ; dying liquor;destainer.

(1) Preparation of 4 X Running Gel Buffer (pH 8.8,1.5 M Tris-HCl): 36.3 g Tris-base is dissolved in 150 ml deionized water. Then use HCl solution to adjust the pH of solution to8.8. At last use deionized water to produce 200 ml solution.

(2) Preparation of 4 X Running Gel Buffer (pH 6.8,1.5 M Tris-HCl): 3.0 g  Tris-base is dissolved in 40 ml deionized water. Then use HCl solution to adjust the pH of solution to 6.8. At last use deionized water to produce 100 ml solution.

(3)Preparation of 10% SDS: 10g SDS is weighted before being dissolved . Use  distilled water to produce 100ml solution.

(4)Preparation of 10% APS: 10g APS is weighted before being dissolved. Use  distilled water to produce 10ml solution.

(5) Preparation of 1X Tank Buffer: 30.28 g Tris-base, 144.13 g glycine and 10 g SDS is weighed before being dissolved. Use distilled water to produce 1000ml solution. Use the solution as-prepared 100 ml mixed with 900 ml distilled water to dilute 10 times.

(6) Preparation of Kaumas Coomassie brilliant blue staining solution: 0.5 g Coomassie Brilliant blue R250 is weighted before being dissolved in 800 ml industrial alcohol. After dissolving, 140 ml acetic acid is added and Use  distilled water to produce 2000ml solution

(7) Preparation of destainer: 200 ml industrial alcohol is mixed with 50 ml acetic acid. Use distilled water to produce 1000ml solution.

Preparation of 10% gel.

2.2. Bacteria culture

Strain activation

Pick Escherichia coli colony from LB plate and subculture it into 20 ml conical beaker with 50 ml LB broth followed anaerobic culture 12 h under 37 °C . Then culture 1% concentration into conical beaker with 50 ml LB broth to subculture, which is the activated germ liquid.

Strain culture

Subculture 1% activated germ liquid into every conical beaker with LB broth. Then culture the microbe in the shaking table ,under 37 °C ，200 rpm.

2.3 Protein electrophoresis

Preparation of Samples

- The samples to be tested are cultured in the Basal Medium with appropriate antibiotics, and take 200 μL bacteria liquid to determine its OD₆₀₀ at appropriate time.
- Dilute or concentrate the next 200 μL bacteria liquid in order to let the OD₆₀₀ equals to 4.0 while the computational formula is the actual OD₆₀₀ * 200=2.0 * X, and X presents the total volume of the bacteria liquid after being diluted or concentrated while its unit is μL as well.
- Add 30 μL diluted or concentrated liquid into corresponding 1.5 mL centrifugal tubes, then mix up them with 10 μL loading buffer.
- Put these centrifugal tubes into metal bath and heat them in 100 °C in around 5 to 8 min, then centrifuge them at the speed of 13000 rpm for 5 min, the supernatant is what we need.

Manufacture Albumen Gel

- Prepare a clear centrifuge tube in the capacity of 50 mL, and make running gel, high concentration one, following the formula below. Then mix up them and pour the mixture into a glass pane.

- Add some absolute alcohol to planish the top of gel. There will be approximately 60 min for its solidification.

- After solidification, pour out the alcohol and make stacking gel following the formula below. Then mix them up, add the solution onto the running gel in the glass panes until it being filled up with the gel. Insert a clean comb into stacking gel. Wait for about 40 min for stacking gel solidification.

Electrophoresis

- Take out the glass pane with finished gel and then fasten it in an electrophoresis tank. Add some 1×Tank Buffer to detect whether liquid leak or not.     
- Take out the comb slowly and use pipette to add approximately 10 to 20 μL processed samples into the wells in stacking gel.
- Add 1×Tank Buffer until the liquid level is above the platinum line in the electrophoresis tank.
- Cover up the electrophoresis tank and connect it with the electrophoresis device. Set the program 120 V- 60 min and start it up.
- When the green marker band run to the bottom of running gel, stop the device.

Dyeing (Colloidal Coomassie Brilliant Blue)

- Take out the gel and put it into a clean petri dish. And add appropriate Commassie Blue Staining Solution. Please make sure that the solution can cover all the gel.
- Put the petri dish onto the orbital shaker and dye for approximate 1 h.
- Pour out the staining solution then add enough destaining solution. Destain about 30 min.
- Renew the destaining solution for about 2 or 3 times until the blue background of gel being taken off.
- Pour out the destaining solution and add appropriate water to clear it.

Scanning

Scan the processed gel and save the picture for analysis.

Sterilization of microfluidic chips Pre-procession of DH5α

1. Briefly, 200 μl of an overnight culture was diluted in 20 ml of LB medium plus antibiotics the day of the experiment.

(Cm, 10 μl; tet, 25 μl for two plasmids gfp+aiiA and three plasmids gfp+aiiA+ndh)

2. When cells reached an optical density (OD_{600 nm}) of 0.1 (for about 2 hr or longer), 12 ml cells were spun down and resuspended in 1.2 ml of fresh media and loaded into the device.

Pre-procession of LB

Filter 20 ml LB through 0.20 mm filter, and then add 0.075% Tween 20 (15 μl) to it. This step prevents the cells from sticking to chip walls without any noticeable harm to the cells. Depending on your experiment, make sure to add antibiotics to the media. So take the chip, your bacteria and your LB together to the florescent microscope.

Wetting the chip & Capturing images

1. Place the chip under microscope at 4×magnification and carefully examine the chip for dirt and collapsed channels. If the chip looks good proceed to wetting.

2. Wash syringe with 75% ethanol, MQ and LB in proper sequence, and repeat each cleaning for three times

3. Attach the plastic pipe about 15 to 20 cm in length to both syringes, and then fill one syringe with fresh LB, while the other one is filled with cells. Make sure there are no bubbles in the syringe or the pipe. Bubbles can be removed by flicking the syringe or the pipe with your finger.

4. Carefully insert the pipes into two ports: media and cell, and set syringes steady on the pumps.

5. Set the flow rate of the left pump (LB) to >0.115 ml/hr to wet the chip until there is no bubble can be seen on the chip (At 20×magnification). Then slow the flow rate of this pump which should be much slower than that of the right one. Media removal from the surface of the chip at the cell port can be best accomplished using a kimwipe.

6. Set the flow rate of the right pump (Cells) to 10~20 μl/hr to let cells fill in trapping region on the chip. When the cell density has reached a proper number, media flow should be 11.5~115 μl/hr and the right pump should be stopped.

7. Allow the cells to grow in the traps for 3-5 doublings, depending on the living condition and cell types this should take 1-2 h.

8. Set up the microscope software for manual image acquisition. Turn on the laser power and adjust the light to Blue. Choose an appropriate field with suitable cell density without any dirt or other disturb and keep capture an image every 5 minutes. 

Before the image taking, make sure you focus the right layer.

When the timer is beeping, make sure you press the button twice, or you can use the time on computer or your cell phone to record the time.