Human Practices -To spread LIFESCIENCE throughout the world

In 2010, iGEM Kyoto and other iGEM teams in Japan carried out an attitude survey towards genetically modifying and genetically engineering. We concluded that It seems that people only have abstract and unclear image to this 'professional' technique. Genetic engineering is not still so common in Japan. And many people worry about safety. So engineers are desired to develop safety of biotechnology and spread knowledge about biotechnology. Considering this conclusion, it is important to enrich the people's knowledge on biotechnology when we want public people to accept biotechnology more. Therefore, we carried out these activities as below.

Life Science Seminar in High School

Toyonaka high school is a Super Science High School(SSH) and conduct programs to increase the number of students who learn university-level biology. As one of the programs, we held a seminar in Toyonaka high school at (2013/1/12-13). In this seminar, we taught molecular biology and experiment to students. Through this activity, students seemed to feel familiarity with life science and we could give essential knowledge through the experiment. We believe that this activity can contribute to their future understanding of biotechnology.

Poster session at the school festival

Our University has a school festival called November Festival (NF) every year. This is one of the biggest events in our university and many people from all around Japan visit it. This year, iGEM Kyoto presented our project to these visitors by poster session, and this was actually broadcasted by a popular Japanese TV news program(Mezamashi TV). Through this TV program, we were able to spread our activity to the general public, and succeeded in increasing general knowledge towards biotechnology and life science.

The 4th international symposium on liberal arts and general education

The 4th international symposium on liberal arts and general education is a large scale symposium where many students and public people visit. Therefore, it is a good opportunity to enrich their knowledge on biotechnology and life science. Through presenting our project, we might help people there understand life science. Additionally, we received the "Einstein" prize.

International Student Seminar

iGEM Kyoto participated in International Student Seminar(ISS). This is a seminer for young scientist from all over the world. Men and women in all ages including many foreigners visited this seminar. We made presentation about our project in English. Through this project, we have given knowledge about life science to many people.

Join "START"

iGEM Kyoto joined a party of “START”in April and welcomed new students to make iGEM’s activity more common. START is union that consists of 25 students’ organizations, and those 25 organizations encourage students’ contribute to global society. For example, help students who want to study abroad, practice English to work in global society, and communicate with foreign universities. Additionally, most of those organizations perform international scene or positively contribute society so some famous companies or volunteer organizations visited that party. We advertised iGEM and succeeded to make synthetic biology more popular.

アンケート調査

こういった活動を行う中で知識の差だけではなく他の要因も存在するのかどうかも確かめてみようと考えた.そこで、私たちはアンケート調査を行った。

We had been carrying out these activities. However, we thought that there might be other reason of the fact that people are not positive to the achievements of biotechnology. Then, in order to determine the cause, we conducted questionnaire.

• Methods

アンケートは選択肢形式にし、質問の初めに性別、出身国、年齢、宗教、職業を応えてもらい、それぞれの要素が回答にどのように影響してくるのかを調べた。また、外国人へのアンケートは、現地で実際に取ったほか、京都に来ている観光客からも集めた。（どこでやったか書く） アンケートは以下のものを使用した。

In the beginning of this questionnaire,we asked answerers about their sex,mother country,age,religion,and proffesion.　And We investigated how these elements affect answers of this questionnaire about gene recombination.We conducted this survey to non-japanese people not only who came to Kyoto to do sightseeing , but also in their mother country.（どこでやったか書く）The questionnaire we conducted is below.

• Content

Questionnaire!!!!
Q1 Have you ever thought about experiments using living things?
1 Yes 2 No

Q2 Do you think these experiments using living-creatures are permissible? Please give X as many as you think it is permissible.
1 check 2 no check
Q2.1 Subjects are killed in the experiment, but it can save people in disease.
Q2.2 Subjects can be killed in the experiment, but it can save people in disease.
Q2.3 Subjects are not killed in the experiment but they never go back in nature. However, it can save people in disease.
Q2.4 Subjects are only observed in nature and it can save people in disease.
Q2.5 Subjects are killed in the experiment, but it can improve our life.
Q2.6 Subjects can be killed in the experiment, but it can improve our life.
Q2.7 Subjects are not killed in the experiment but they never go back in nature. However, it can improve our life.
Q2.8 Subjects are only observed in nature and it can improve our life.
Q2.9 Subjects are killed in the experiment, but it can advance science.
Q2.10 Subjects can be killed in the experiment, but it can advance science.
Q2.11 Subjects are not killed in the experiment but they never go back in nature. However, it can advance science.
Q2.12 Subjects are only observed in nature and it can advance science.

Q3 How much do you know about genetically modifying (GM) technology?
1 I know well. 2 I know only its name. 3 I do not know at all.
Q4 Do you think modifying creature’s gene is ethically permissible or not?
1 Yes, we can modify every creatures’ gene. 2 Partly yes, some can be but others are not. 3 No, any living things’ gene cannot be modified.

Q5 Who answered ‘partly yes’ to the fifth question, please answer this question. Which of these creatures’ gene can be modified? Please give X as many as you think it is permissible.
1 check 2 no check
Q5.1 Bacteria　　Q5.2 wheat　Q5.3 honeybee Q5.4 killifish　　Q5.5 frog Q5.6 chickens　　Q5.7 mouse　Q5.8 dog　Q5.9 monkey Q5.10 human beings

（アンケートの結果）

• Results

問４ 信仰の有無で

Yes p=0.238593 Partly yes p=0.377508 No p=0.011818
Yes,Partly yes は有意差がない
No は有意差があるといえる よって信仰の有無が許容度に影響を与えている可能性がある

＜X^2検定の説明＞ X²検定：実測度数と期待度数との差を統計的に検定する

算出した確率（P-value）が0.05未満であると、統計的に有意性が確認される。

Chi-square test: To test statistically the difference between the expected frequency with the measured frequency

If calculated probability (P-value) is less than 0.05, significance is confirmed statistically.

Q5

Significant difference is observed in the results by different sex, region, religion. According to the difference of gender, men tend to allow genetically modification than women. According to the regional differences, half of the people of Asia have allowed the experiment of wheat and E. coli. Subsequently, the rat is about 35%, monkeys and dogs is about 20%. In comparison, people of Europe are generally allowed experiments wheat and E. coli. However, 15% people of them have allowed the other animals. This trend is similar to the results of the graph were compared Buddhism and Christianity. The parameter is small, but the graph of the Christians of Asia is similar to the graph of Christians in the world. From this date, we think this difference is a thing by religion.

英訳案２
Significant difference was observed in the results by different sex, region, religion. According to the difference of sex, men tended to allow genetically modification than women.According to the regional differences, half of the people in tnis survey in Asia admiited using wheat and E. coli for experiments. About 35% of them admited using mice and about 20% admited using dogs and monkeys. On the other hand, many people in Europe are admited using wheat and E. coli. However, no more than 15% of them admited using other animals. This was similar to the results of the graph which were compared Buddhism and Christianity. The parameter is small, but the graph of the Christians in Asia is similar to the graph of Christians in the world. From this date, we think this difference is a thing by religion.

• Conclusion
  
  

2013年のアンケートでは知識での差は出ず、宗教の差が出た。 しかし２０１０年のアンケートは知識の差が出ている。 今回は合成生物学を受け入れる知識以外の理由を探る目的で、知識に関する問いを少なくしたので、知識の差が出なかった。 ２０１０と２０１３を踏まえて、私たちは誰かの信仰に干渉したり、私たちの考えを誰かに押し付けられないので、個人の信仰について配慮しながら、合成生物学についての知識を広めていくべきだ

In the result of the questionnaire we conducted in 2013, we can see the influence of religion. To the contrary, the effect of knowledge level is not observed. However, in the questionnaire in 2010, people’s attitude vary according to knowledge level. In this time, since the aim is shed light on effect except for knowledge, we made fewer question to measure knowledge level. This is why knowledge level made next to no affection in this survey. Learning from the result of the two survey, because we should not interfere with others’ religion and opinion, we must disseminate information about biotechnology considering each individual person’s religion.

• Future Work
  
  

今回のアンケートで遺伝子組み換えの許容度に宗教の差が見られた。 しかし宗教の差以外に地域や文化の差が関係する可能性がある。 今後は地域や文化、経済の発展度など、どの要因がＧＭの許容度に関連するかが明らかにできるようなアンケートを実施したい。

In this questionnaire,we saw that people who believed a different religion admited gene recombination in different degree.But whether they admits gene recombination or not may　have something to do with not only difference in what are their religion,but also in where they live or how is their culture.