<li>Surveys indicate that a majority of Americans support mandatory labeling. (However, such surveys often do not specify the effect on food prices.)
<li>Surveys indicate that a majority of Americans support mandatory labeling. (However, such surveys often do not specify the effect on food prices.)
<li>least 21 countries and the European Union have established some form of mandatory labeling (Gruere and Rao, 2007; Phillips and McNeill, 2000).
<li>least 21 countries and the European Union have established some form of mandatory labeling (Gruere and Rao, 2007; Phillips and McNeill, 2000).
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<li>For religious or ethical reasons, many Americans want to avoid eating animal products, including animal DNA.</li>
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<li>For religious or ethical reasons, many Americans want to avoid eating animal products, including animal DNA.
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<li>Consumers who want to buy non-GE food already have an option: to purchase certified organic foods, which by definition cannot be produced with GE ingredients.
<li>Consumers who want to buy non-GE food already have an option: to purchase certified organic foods, which by definition cannot be produced with GE ingredients.
<li>The food system infrastructure (storage, processing, and transportation facilities) in this country could not currently accommodate the need for segregation of GE and non-GE products.
<li>The food system infrastructure (storage, processing, and transportation facilities) in this country could not currently accommodate the need for segregation of GE and non-GE products.
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<li>Consumers who want to avoid animal products need not worry about GE food. No GE products currently on the market or under review contain animal genes. (However, there is no guarantee that this will not happen in the future.)</li>
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<li>Consumers who want to avoid animal products need not worry about GE food. No GE products currently on the market or under review contain animal genes. (However, there is no guarantee that this will not happen in the future.)
Voluntary: Canada and US
Mandatory: EU, Australia, the Czech Republic, Hong Kong, and Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan
Pro and Anti-GMO Labeling Arguments
Pro-labeling Arguments
Consumers have a right to know what’s in their food, especially concerning products for which health and environmental concerns have been raised (Raab and Grobe, 2003).
Mandatory labeling will allow consumers to identify and steer clear of food products that cause them problems.
Surveys indicate that a majority of Americans support mandatory labeling. (However, such surveys often do not specify the effect on food prices.)
least 21 countries and the European Union have established some form of mandatory labeling (Gruere and Rao, 2007; Phillips and McNeill, 2000).
For religious or ethical reasons, many Americans want to avoid eating animal products, including animal DNA.
Anti-labeling Arguments
Labels on GE food imply a warning about health effects, whereas no significant differences between GE and conventional foods have been detected. If a nutritional or allergenic difference were found in a GE food, current FDA regulations require a label to that effect.
Labeling of GE foods to fulfill the desires of some consumers would impose a cost on all consumers. Experience with mandatory labeling in the European Union, Japan, and New Zealand has not resulted in consumer choice. Rather, retailers have eliminated GE products from their shelves due to perceived consumer aversion to GE products (Carter and Gruere, 2003).
Consumers who want to buy non-GE food already have an option: to purchase certified organic foods, which by definition cannot be produced with GE ingredients.
The food system infrastructure (storage, processing, and transportation facilities) in this country could not currently accommodate the need for segregation of GE and non-GE products.
Consumers who want to avoid animal products need not worry about GE food. No GE products currently on the market or under review contain animal genes. (However, there is no guarantee that this will not happen in the future.)
Labeling Recommendations
Purpose:
Education
Freedom of choice
Transparency
Safety precaution
Decreasing tension, fear and uncertainty
Language:
“Genetic Modification” must specifically refer to biotechnology and be defined as such: natural breeding may have occured
“GMO-Free” is essentially impossible to prove, better worded as: “Not using ingredients produced using biotechnology”
“This [insert product] was not genetically engineered” might be misleading and implying that others [such products] are genetically engineered
Include:
Bacteria or yeast and the strain used (role in original product)
The modification made to the bacteria or yeast
Reason for modification and what was accomplished through this modification
Potential allergens introduced into the products
Suggestions: *QR code (find out more)
Regulations:
GM additives must be labeled accordingly following the same regulations
Biotechnologically modified products that do not contain any GM material in the final stage need not be labeled
Foods produced or taken from species with GM feed need not be labeled as long as GM material is not present in the final product
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