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| - | <h7><font color=black><p style = "text-align:center; font-size:35px;"><b>STRAINS TESTED</b></p><br/>
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| - | <p style = "font-size:18px;"><b>BW25113 WT</b><br/>
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| - | <b>MG1655 WT</b>
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| - | <b>BW25113 pEBS-csgD</b><br/>
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| - | <b>BW25113 pEBS-csgD</b><br/>The protein CsgD is a regulator of genes involved in curli assembly, induced in mid-exponential phase that are active in stationary phase. It positively controls σSexpression; its deletion should in principle interfere with biofilm formation. [1] <br/>
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| - | <b>BW25113 pEBS-fimB</b><br/>The gene fimB mediates off to on switching of fim operon, while fimE mediates on to off switching of the fim operon. Its deletion should in principle repress the fim operon, while its overexpression should in principle encourage fimbriae formation. [2]<br/>
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| - | <b>BW25113 pEBS-mlrA</b><br/>MlrA stands for a merR-like regulator A, which regulates curli production. Its overexpression should in principle suppress curli formation, while its deletion should in principle encourage curli formation. [3]</br>
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| - | <b>BW25113 pEBS-ompA </b><br/>The protein OmpA influences cellulose production by
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| - | repressing cellulose production with CpxRA stress response system; it is
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| - | overexpressed in biofilm formation and repressed when cells are exposed to
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| - | visible light. [4]</br>
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| - | <b>BW25113 pEBS-ydeH </b><br/>YdeH is a diguanylate cyclase, where its product
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| - | regulates biofilm formation and motility. Its deletion has been shown to reduce
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| - | surface attachment of the cell, its overexpression has been shown to reduce
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| - | motility as well as flagella. [5]<br/>
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| - | <b>BW25113 ΔfimA </b><br/>FimA is the major subunit of E. coli type 1 (mannose
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| - | sensitive) fimbriae, also known as pili. Pili are made of ~1000 units of FimA. Its
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| - | deletion would remove the ability of a cell to produce fimbriae.[6]<br/>
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| - | <b>BW25113 ΔompA</b><br/>The protein OmpA influences cellulose production by
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| - | repressing cellulose production with CpxRA stress response system; it is
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| - | overexpressed in biofilm formation and repressed when cells are exposed to
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| - | visible light.[4]<br/>
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| - | <b>BW25113 ΔdosC </b><br/>A heme-containing, oxygen-sensitive diguanylate cyclase.
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| - | Its overexpression drives the cell to tend towards stationary phase physiology,
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| - | leading to more biofilm and less motility. DosC expression is dependent on σS
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| - | .[7]<br/>
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| - | <b>BW25113 ΔompX </b><br/>Adhesion of the cell on a surface represses ompX. Its
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| - | deletion leads to increase in cell-surface contact in fimbriated E. coli, the
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| - | opposite occurs in non-fimbriated E. coli.[8]<br/>
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| - | <b> BW25113 ΔpgaB</b><br/>PgaB is involved in the transport of PGA (an
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| - | extra-membrane polysaccharide) across the outer membrane), which is involved
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| - | in biofilm formation. Strains with mutant pgaB form less biofilm. Its expression is
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| - | increased in environments with 1% ethanol or NaCl. [9] <br/>
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| - | <b>BW25113 ΔrcsA </b><br/>+ regulator of capsular polysaccharide synthesis. RcsA
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| - | and RcsB form a DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator. Deletion of this
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| - | gene should in principle cause some repression of extracellular
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| - | polysaccharides.[10]<br/>
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| - | <b>BW25113 ΔfimH</b><br/>FimH is the protein on the tip of fimbriae; they are the
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| - | mannose sensitive subunit that in e coli mediate binding to receptor structures. [11] <br/>
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| - | <b>BW25113 ΔcsgD</b><br/>regulator of genes involved in curli assembly, induced in
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| - | mid-exponential phase, csg-dependent genes active in stationary phase. [1] <br/>
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| - | <b>BW25113 ΔompR</b><br/>Function not clear. [12]<br/>
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| - | <b>BW25113 ΔbcsA </b><br/>Cellulose synthase, catalytic subunit. Its deletion should
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| - | cause a lower cellulose content on the cell walls or an absence of cellulose, with
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| - | a corresponding decrease in biofilm cell mass.[13]</br>
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| - | <p style = "font-size:35px;"><b>WORKS CITED</b></p><br/>
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| - |
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| - | [1] " Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655 Polypeptide: CsgD DNA-binding
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| - | transcriptional dual regulator," 2013. [Online]. Available:
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| - | http://www.ecocyc.org/ECOLI/NEW-IMAGE?type=GENE&object=G6546.
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| - | [Accessed 27 Sept 2013].<br/>
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| - | [2] " Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655 Polypeptide: regulator for fimA," [Online].
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| - | Available: http://www.ecocyc.org/ECOLI/NEW-IMAGE?
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| - | type=GENE&object=EG10309. [Accessed 27 September 2013].<br/>
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| - | [3] " Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655 Polypeptide: MlrA DNA binding
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| - | transcriptional activator," [Online]. Available:
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| - | http://www.ecocyc.org/ECOLI/NEW-IMAGE?type=GENE&object=EG12008.
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| - | [Accessed 27 September 2013].<br/>
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| - | [4] " Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655 Polypeptide: outer membrane protein 3a
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| - | (II*;G;d)," [Online]. Available: http://www.ecocyc.org/ECOLI/NEW-IMAGE?
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| - | type=GENE&object=EG10669. [Accessed 27 September 2013].<br/>
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| - | [5] " Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655 Enzyme: diguanylate cyclase," [Online].
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| - | Available: http://www.ecocyc.org/ECOLI/NEW-IMAGE?
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| - | type=GENE&object=EG11643. [Accessed 27 September 2013].<br/>
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| - | [6] "Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655 Polypeptide: major type 1 subunit fimbrin
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| - | (pilin)," [Online]. Available: http://www.ecocyc.org/ECOLI/NEW-IMAGE?
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| - | type=GENE&object=EG10308. [Accessed 27 September 2013].<br/>
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| - | [7] " Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655 Enzyme: diguanylate cyclase," [Online].
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| - | Available: http://www.ecocyc.org/ECOLI/NEW-IMAGE?
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| - | type=GENE&object=G6784. [Accessed 27 September 2013].<br/>
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| - | [8] "Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655 Polypeptide: outer membrane protein X,"
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| - | [Online]. Available: http://www.ecocyc.org/ECOLI/NEW-IMAGE?
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| - | type=GENE&object=EG12117. [Accessed 27 September 2013].<br/>
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| - | [9] "Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655 Enzyme:
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| - | poly-β-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine N-deacetylase," [Online]. Available:
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| - | http://www.ecocyc.org/ECOLI/NEW-IMAGE?type=GENE&object=G6530.
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| - | [Accessed 27 September 2013].<br/>
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| - | [10] "Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655 Polypeptide: positive DNA-binding
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| - | transcriptional regulator of capsular polysaccharide synthesis, activates its own
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| - | expression," [Online]. Available: http://www.ecocyc.org/ECOLI/NEW-IMAGE?type=GENE&object=EG10820. [Accessed 27 September 2013].<br/>
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| - | [11] "Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655 Polypeptide: minor fimbrial subunit,
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| - | D-mannose specific adhesin," [Online]. Available:
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| - | http://www.ecocyc.org/ECOLI/NEW-IMAGE?type=GENE&object=EG10315.
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| - | [Accessed 27 September 2013].<br/>
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| - | [12] "Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655 Polypeptide: OmpR," [Online]. Available:
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| - | http://www.ecocyc.org/ECOLI/NEW-IMAGE?type=GENE&object=EG10672.
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| - | [Accessed 27 September 2013].<br/>
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| - | [13] " Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655 Polypeptide: cellulose synthase, catalytic
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| - | subunit," [Online]. Available: http://www.ecocyc.org/ECOLI/NEW-IMAGE?
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| - | type=GENE&object=EG12260. [Accessed 27 September 2013].<br/>
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