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| - | <title>Uppsala iGEM 2013</title>
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| - | <div id="igem_logo"><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Main_Page"><img class="igem_logo" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/5/59/IGEMlogo.png"></a></div>
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| - | <div id="igem"><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Main_Page"><img class="igem" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/9/9c/Uppsala_IGEM_log_blue.png"></a></div>
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| - | <div id="cow-box"><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala"><img class="home-knapp" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/e/ef/Uppsala2013_Home.png"><a/></div>
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| - | <ul>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/project" id="list_type1"><img class="nav-text" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/a/aa/Uppsala2013_Project.png"></a>
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| - | <ul>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/overview">Overview</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/chassi">Chassi</a>
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| - | <ul>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/probiotics">Probiotics</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/promoters">Promoters</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/reporter-genes">Reporter genes</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/affinity-tags">Toxin-antitoxin system</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/vectors">Vectors</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/signal-peptide">Signal peptide</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/metabolic-engineering">Metabolic engineering</a>
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| - | <ul>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/p-coumaric-acid">P-coumaric acid</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/resveratrol">Resveratrol</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/lycopene">Lycopene</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/betacarotene">β-carotene</a></li>
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| - | href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/saffron">Saffron</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/astraxantin">Astaxanthin</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/zeaxantin">Zeaxanthin</a></li>
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| - | </ul></li>
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| - | href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/miraculin">Miraculin</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/chromoproteins">Chromoproteins</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/safety">Safety experiment</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/result">Result</a></li>
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| - | </ul></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/modeling" id="list_type1"><img class="nav-text" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/6/63/Uppsala2013_Modeling.png"></a>
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| - | <ul>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/resveratrol-pathway">Resveratrol pathway </a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/modeling-tutorial">Modeling tutorial </a></li>
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| - | </ul></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/parts" id="list_type2"><img class="nav-text" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/e/eb/Uppsala2013_parts.png"></a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/team" id="list_type2"><img class="nav-text" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/a/a7/Uppsala2013_Team.png"></a>
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| - | <ul>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/resveratrol-group">Resveratrol group</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/carotenoid-group">Carotenoid group</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/chassi-group">Chassi group</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/advisors">Advisors</a></li>
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| - | </ul></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/hp" id="list_type3"><img class="nav-text" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/b/b8/Uppsala2013_HP.png"></a>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/Yoghurtproducts">Yoghurt products</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/synbioday">SynBio day</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/safety">Bioethics and safety</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/society">Society and outreach</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/highschool-outreach">High school outreach</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/outreach">Media outreach</a></li>
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| - | </ul></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/attribution" id="list_type4"><img class="nav-text" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/5/5d/Uppsala2013_Attributions.png"></a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/notebook" id="list_type3"><img class="nav-text" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/3/36/Uppsala2013_Notebook.png"></a>
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| - | <ul>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/protocol">Protocol</a></li>
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| - | <li><a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/notebook">Lab journal</a></li>
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| - | </ul></li>
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| - | <h1> Metabolic Engineering </h1>
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| - | <div id="chassi_text_top"> <p> We have aimed our project at producing food nutrients in bacteria. These nutrients normally exists in for example carrots, tomatoes, garlic, grapes and several other important food. By transferring genes from plants and fruits we can make our bacteria produce vital nutrients and commercially attractive supplements. We alter the metabolic pathways of our bacteria by introducing new genes or by modifying existing pathways. </p>
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| - | <p> Organic materia produced by nature is one of our main sources of energy. For billions of years, nature has perfected its machinery. We get fuel from both fossilized organisms and renewable biomateria. All life on earth is dependent of getting the right amount of food and nutrition. As we become more and more people on earth, we need to optimize our techniques for food and nutritional production. This is where we can step in and alter natures machinery. </p>
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| - | <div id="metabolic_pic_lycopene"> <img img class="metabolic_pic" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/3/39/Uppsala2013_Lycopene2.png"> </div>
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| - | <div id="metabolic_pic_zeaxanthin"> <img img class="metabolic_pic" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/2/29/Uppsala2013_Zeaxanthin2.png"> </div>
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| - | <div id="metabolic_pic_astaxanthin"> <img img class="metabolic_pic" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/3/3a/Uppsala2013_Astaxanthin2.png"> </div>
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| - | <div id="metabolic_pic_beta_carotene"> <img img class="metabolic_pic" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/3/3c/Uppsala2013_beta-carotene2.png"> </div>
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| - | <div id="metabolic_pic_saffron"> <img img class="metabolic_pic" src="Images/MetabolicEngineering/Uppsala2013_saffron2.png"> </div>
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| - | <div id="metabolic_pic_coumeric"> <img img class="metabolic_pic" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/0/02/Uppsala2013_P-coumaric_acid2.png"> </div>
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| - | <div id="metabolic_pic_resveratrol"> <img img class="metabolic_pic" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/0/08/Uppsala2013_Resveratrol2.png"> </div>
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| - | <div id="substance_title"> <h3> P-coumeric acid </h3> </div>
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| - | <div class="coumeric_pic"> <img class="metabolic_mini_pic" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/d/d7/Uppsala2013_P-coumeric_acidSymbol.png"> </div>
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| - | <div id="substance_text"> <p> P-coumaric acid is an antioxidant that is produced from tyrosin by the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway, Tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL). This antioxidant has been shown to have many beneficial health aspects. For example studies have shown that it can reduce the risk of one of our greatest modern western diseases atherosclerosis and also reduce the risk of stomach cancer. P-coumaric acid can be found in a wide range of food, from peanuts and garlic to wine and vinegar. </p> </div>
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| - | <div id="resveratrol_div">
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| - | <div id="substance_title"> <h3> Resveratrol </h3> </div>
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| - | <div class="resveratrol_pic"> <img class="metabolic_mini_pic" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/b/bb/Uppsala2013_ResveratrolSymbol.png"> </div>
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| - | <div id="substance_text"> <p> Resveratrol belongs to a group of molecules known as Phyloalexin which is used by many plants to battle infections of all sorts. Many studies have been done on resveratrol showing it has a wide range of beneficial properties ranging from skin cancer reduction to anti-inflamatory effects and antioxidant properties. Perhaps the most interesting property is that of life extension. Researchers now believe resveratrol is a caloric restricting substance reducing the effect of high caloric food and thereby increasing life expectancy. </p> </div>
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| - | <div id="lycopene_div">
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| - | <div id="substance_title"> <h3> Lycopene </h3> </div>
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| - | <div class="lycopene_pic"> <img class="metabolic_mini_pic" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/8/8f/Uppsala2013_LycopeneSymbol.png"> </div>
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| - | <div id="substance_text"> <p> Lycopene is a carotenoid that primarily derives from the xanthophyll group. The precursor responsible for lycopene production is phytoene, when present together with the enzyme CrtE a catalytic reaction takes place and lycopene is produced. Lycopene is an antioxidant that can be found in both vegetables and fruits, it is mostly known for its characteristic red color in tomatoes. </p> </div>
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| - | <div id="substance_title"> <h3> β-carotene </h3> </div>
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| - | <div class="beta_carotene_pic"> <img class="metabolic_mini_pic" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/0/00/Uppsala2013_beta-caroteneSymbol.png"> </div>
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| - | <div id="substance_text"> <p> β-carotene is a precursor of several substances such as Vitamin A, zeaxanthine and asthaxanthine. β-carotene is a derive from Lycopene and is commonly known for its characteristic orange color, it is found in fruits and vegetables. Vitamin A which is a derive from β-carotene has important health aspects for our skin, different membranes and most commonly known our eyes. </p> </div>
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| - | <div id="substance_title"> <h3> Astaxanthin </h3> </div>
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| - | <div class="astaxanthin_pic"> <img class="metabolic_mini_pic" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/d/d8/Uppsala2013_AstaxanthinSymbol.png"> </div>
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| - | <div id="substance_text"> <p> Astaxanthin is a carotenoid pigment that derives from the xanthophyll group, it is most known for giving the characteristic red color of salmon, lobster and shrimp. Astaxanthin is a very strong antioxidant and is usually produced by using the microalgae Haematococcus or by syntheticall production and costs around 2500 US dollars per kg. The substance is often used in fishfarming to give salmon its red color, an industry that is worth around 200 million US dollars a year. </p> </div>
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| - | <div id="zeaxanthin_div">
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| - | <div id="substance_title"> <h3> Zeaxanthin </h3> </div>
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| - | <div class="zeaxanthin_pic"> <img class="metabolic_mini_pic" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/1/1b/Uppsala2013_ZeaxanthinSymbol.png"> </div>
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| - | <div id="substance_text"> Zeaxanthin is a yellow carotenoid pigment, derived from the precursor ß-carotene through hydroxylation by the enzyme ”Beta-carotene hydroxylase”. Zeaxanthin acts as an antioxidant and can be found in for example peppers, yolk and maize.(1) According to studies zeaxanthin has positive effects on both undamaged and impaired vision and it may prevent age-related macular degeneration (AMD), an eye condition that could lead to blindness. </div>
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| - | <div id="substance_title"> <h3> Saffron </h3> </div>
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| - | <div class="saffron_pic"> <img class="metabolic_mini_pic" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/5/5f/Uppsala2013_Saffronmini.png"> </div>
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| - | <div id="substance_text"> <p> Saffron is currently the most expensive spice in the world. It is extracted from the stigmata of Crocus Sativus, a flower tht can be cultivated in the mediterranian and well as the Middle East. The spice is actually a combination of more than 150 differant compunds, but the main components are picrocrocin (taste), safranal (aroma) and crocin (colour). These components are all derivatives of zeaxanthin, and all have some antioxidative properties. </p></div>
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