Team:Groningen/Navigation/Protein

From 2013.igem.org

Silk protein

The spider silk protein is a fibrous protein. It does not have a folded state on its own; it is able to assemble (multimerize) with multiple identical proteins to form the silk. The protein consists of roughly 3 motifs, each featuring a particular secondary structure in the assembly (table 1) (ref 11 paper recomb biomaterials).

Depending on the processing of the silk proteins, it can have a degree of these secondary structures, defining its properties (table 1).


Amino acid sequence Secondary structure Properties
AAAAAAAA β-sheet Tensile strenght, rigidity, hydrophobicity
GPG(AG)QQ / GPG(SGG)QQ / GPGGX β-spiral / β-turn Extensibility, elasticity
GGX 310 helix Link, alignment, flexibility
Table 1, Spider silk protein motifs

In order to make the silk material a large amount of these proteins are required. The protein has a very repetitive nature (fig. 2), with these motifs (table 1) recurring within the protein. This is difficult to produce, because it requires presence of the same tRNAs in a large amount. This can be solved with codon optimization. See ‘Codon optimization’ (link) at the modelling section for the explanation of this approach.


Figure 2, Major ampullate Spidroin 2 (MaSp2) from Argiope aurantia