Team:KU Leuven/Project

From 2013.igem.org

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Our goal is to reduce the damage aphids invoke on our agricultural industry on a sustainable way. The current solution is almost always using huge amounts of insecticides, which damages the ecosystem in several ways. First of all, the indiscriminatory weakening of insects means the useful insects for agriculture are also affected. Besides that the pesticides accumulate in higher organisms that eat the insects.<br/>
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One of man’s basic needs is feeding him/herself. Finding or producing food has always been the primary priority of mankind, of all animals in fact. So as the world’s population expands to over 7 billion but the world’s resources such as land remain limited, the World is in a desperate struggle to increase productivity of the lands already in use and encourage <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nFQOkzEjxQ">innovative agriculture.</a> Weather, disease and pests such as aphids, can reduce crop yields by up to 75% and since weather is difficult to control most farmers try to control the damage caused by disease and pests. Many farmers then turn to the use of pesticides and insecticides, and society is now questioning whether their ‘fresh’ food isn’t in fact ‘poison’ due to the amount of pesticides that can be detected on their food. <br/>
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We want to achieve this sustainable way by using the aphid’s own alarm pheromone (β-farnesene) to scare them off. On top of that we want to attract aphid predators such as the ladybug by using methyl salicylate. This way we make sure the aphids are thoroughly removed.<br/>
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Our goal is to reduce the damage that aphids cause to our agricultural industry in a sustainable way. The current solution is almost always using huge amounts of insecticides, which damage the ecosystem in several ways. First of all, the indiscriminately weakening of insects means that beneficial insects for agriculture are also affected. Insecticides affect vertebrates, including humans, as they have been shown to be damaging for our health <I>(Bjørling-Poulsen et al.)</I>. Besides that, residues or catabolites of insecticides accumulate in higher organisms that eat the insects, which in turn end up in our food chain.<br/>
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We aim to achieve a sustainable way to reduce the damage caused by aphid pests, and offer an effective alternative for insecticides. Our modified E.coli (‘BanAphids’, meaning ‘to ban aphids’ as well as with ‘benefits’) would imitate insecticides by using the aphid’s own alarm pheromone, E-β-farnesene, (EBF) to repel them off the plant. On top of that we want to attract aphid predators such as the ladybug by using methyl salicylate (MeS), a phytohormone. This way we make sure the aphids are thoroughly removed from the plant.<br/>
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We have established what might be possible hurdles in introducing this system in the agricultural industry. First we have to make sure that the plant cell’s metabolism is not over burdened. Besides that we have to take into account that aphids might habituate to constitutive expression of EBF <I>(De Vos et al, 2010, Kunert, 2010)</I>. Finally, we do not want to attract the aphid’s natural predators when they are not needed. <br/>
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We have established what might be possible hurdles in introducing this system in the agricultural industry. First we have to make sure the strain on the cell’s metabolism is limited. Beside that we have to take into account that aphids might habituate to constitutive expression of β-farnesene. In third place we do not want to attract the predating insects when they are not needed. Finally methyl salicylate has an effect on a lot of – not always welcomed – insects.<br/>
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We thought of two different methods to carry out our system. One method would be to spray our BanAphids onto the plants. Keeping into account the possible hurdles we mentioned before, BanAphids will produce methyl salicylate in response to an external signal that indicates the presence of aphids, in order to reduce the burden on the plant cell’s metabolism and attract predators only when needed. This external signal is honeydew, since aphids produce high amounts of this. Honeydew is a very glucose rich substance, which is the reason why ants ‘farm’ aphids, in order to milk their honeydew. <br/>
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To reduce the burden on the cell’s metabolism and attract predators only when needed we can produce methyl salicylate in response to an external signal that indicates the presence of aphids. By using methyl salicylate we minimise the problems of habituation, as aphids loose their warning mechanism when being habituated to β-farnesene. An other way to avoid habituation of the aphids is to choose for an oscillating production of β-farnesene, which requires a colony-wide synchronized oscillating system.
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Revision as of 16:03, 29 September 2013

iGem

Secret garden

Congratulations! You've found our secret garden! Follow the instructions below and win a great prize at the World jamboree!


  • A video shows that two of our team members are having great fun at our favourite company. Do you know the name of the second member that appears in the video?
  • For one of our models we had to do very extensive computations. To prevent our own computers from overheating and to keep the temperature in our iGEM room at a normal level, we used a supercomputer. Which centre maintains this supercomputer? (Dutch abbreviation)
  • We organised a symposium with a debate, some seminars and 2 iGEM project presentations. An iGEM team came all the way from the Netherlands to present their project. What is the name of their city?

Now put all of these in this URL:https://2013.igem.org/Team:KU_Leuven/(firstname)(abbreviation)(city), (loose the brackets and put everything in lowercase) and follow the very last instruction to get your special jamboree prize!

tree ladybugcartoon

One of man’s basic needs is feeding him/herself. Finding or producing food has always been the primary priority of mankind, of all animals in fact. So as the world’s population expands to over 7 billion but the world’s resources such as land remain limited, the World is in a desperate struggle to increase productivity of the lands already in use and encourage innovative agriculture. Weather, disease and pests such as aphids, can reduce crop yields by up to 75% and since weather is difficult to control most farmers try to control the damage caused by disease and pests. Many farmers then turn to the use of pesticides and insecticides, and society is now questioning whether their ‘fresh’ food isn’t in fact ‘poison’ due to the amount of pesticides that can be detected on their food.

Our goal is to reduce the damage that aphids cause to our agricultural industry in a sustainable way. The current solution is almost always using huge amounts of insecticides, which damage the ecosystem in several ways. First of all, the indiscriminately weakening of insects means that beneficial insects for agriculture are also affected. Insecticides affect vertebrates, including humans, as they have been shown to be damaging for our health (Bjørling-Poulsen et al.). Besides that, residues or catabolites of insecticides accumulate in higher organisms that eat the insects, which in turn end up in our food chain.

We aim to achieve a sustainable way to reduce the damage caused by aphid pests, and offer an effective alternative for insecticides. Our modified E.coli (‘BanAphids’, meaning ‘to ban aphids’ as well as with ‘benefits’) would imitate insecticides by using the aphid’s own alarm pheromone, E-β-farnesene, (EBF) to repel them off the plant. On top of that we want to attract aphid predators such as the ladybug by using methyl salicylate (MeS), a phytohormone. This way we make sure the aphids are thoroughly removed from the plant.

We have established what might be possible hurdles in introducing this system in the agricultural industry. First we have to make sure that the plant cell’s metabolism is not over burdened. Besides that we have to take into account that aphids might habituate to constitutive expression of EBF (De Vos et al, 2010, Kunert, 2010). Finally, we do not want to attract the aphid’s natural predators when they are not needed.
We thought of two different methods to carry out our system. One method would be to spray our BanAphids onto the plants. Keeping into account the possible hurdles we mentioned before, BanAphids will produce methyl salicylate in response to an external signal that indicates the presence of aphids, in order to reduce the burden on the plant cell’s metabolism and attract predators only when needed. This external signal is honeydew, since aphids produce high amounts of this. Honeydew is a very glucose rich substance, which is the reason why ants ‘farm’ aphids, in order to milk their honeydew.

Background

Crashcourse in aphid biology.

β-Farnesene

The aphid's alarm pheromone.

Methyl Salicylate

Helps predators find the aphid.

Oscillator

Warning: engineers only.

Ecology

Insect experiments and ecological model.

Parts

BioBrick 'm all!