Team:UT Dallas/Project

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Streptococcus mutans has been determined to be the primary contributor to dental plaque and in the formation of dental cavities. <i>S. mutans</i> is able to do this by converting sucrose into lactic acid, contributing to plaque formation. Their capability to rapidly ferment lactic acid under low pH levels helps create cavities in conjunction with adherence to the biofilm. In the oral cavity, biofilms cover a majority of the surfaces. Dextran is the polysaccharide matrix that anchors the bacteria together to create the optimal platform for creation of the biofilm. In order to create the most effective tooth-decay prevention device, we engineered new biobricks to exploit these characteristics of cavity formation due to <i>S. mutans</i>.
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<dt link='project_part1'>Sugar Repression System</dt>
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<li onclick="show_info('project_part1');change_color(this)" style='color:#ff7200'>Sugar Sensor</li>
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<li onclick="show_info('project_part3');change_color(this)">Com Sensor</li>
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<b>How They Work:</b> Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. The sucrose is converted to lactic acid by S.Mutans which leads to plaque formation and tooth decay. We used operon repressors for both sucrose and fructose to detect the concentrations of both of them. By using the repressor systems, we can detect the formation of plaque and prevent the formation of cavities. We have chosen two repressors for use in this project: FruR, CscR. The FruR gene encodes a protein which normally binds to and represses the fructose operon. When fructose is present in the system, it binds to the FruR protein and prevents it from repressing the operon promoter. CscR works in the similar way, but it will bind to sucrose. <br><br>
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<span class="title_spans">Overview</span><br><br>
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Harmful bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans, live in the mouth and convert sucrose into lactic acid and fructose/glucose.   The lactic acid creates acidic conditions in the mouth, leading to tooth enamel decay. The fructose/glucose combination forms a sticky polysaccharide called dextran.  This molecule is responsible for dental plaque and creates the optimal platform for populous colonies of bacteria on the surface of the teeth.  Streptococcus mutans has been determined to be the primary contributor to dental plaque and cavities.<br><br>
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<center><img src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/b/b8/Streptococcus_mutans_01.jpg' height=400 width=500></center><br>
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Our project entails selectively fighting off this bacteria through 3 different ways:
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<li>CscR and FruR</li>
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<li>Competence Stimulating Protein, and/or</li>
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<li>Destroying the biofilm upon which the bacteria grows through NspC, Norspermidine.</li><br><br>
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Take a look at our <a href = "https://igem.org/2013_Judging_Form?id=1214">Judging Criteria</a> for more information about our finished project.
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<b>What We Did:</b> We isolated and tested these repressors, FruR and CscR, and their corresponding operons.<br><br>
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Latest revision as of 00:40, 16 October 2013

     Streptococcus mutans has been determined to be the primary contributor to dental plaque and in the formation of dental cavities. S. mutans is able to do this by converting sucrose into lactic acid, contributing to plaque formation. Their capability to rapidly ferment lactic acid under low pH levels helps create cavities in conjunction with adherence to the biofilm. In the oral cavity, biofilms cover a majority of the surfaces. Dextran is the polysaccharide matrix that anchors the bacteria together to create the optimal platform for creation of the biofilm. In order to create the most effective tooth-decay prevention device, we engineered new biobricks to exploit these characteristics of cavity formation due to S. mutans.
How They Work: Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. The sucrose is converted to lactic acid by S.Mutans which leads to plaque formation and tooth decay. We used operon repressors for both sucrose and fructose to detect the concentrations of both of them. By using the repressor systems, we can detect the formation of plaque and prevent the formation of cavities. We have chosen two repressors for use in this project: FruR, CscR. The FruR gene encodes a protein which normally binds to and represses the fructose operon. When fructose is present in the system, it binds to the FruR protein and prevents it from repressing the operon promoter. CscR works in the similar way, but it will bind to sucrose.

What We Did: We isolated and tested these repressors, FruR and CscR, and their corresponding operons.

photo sucrstuff_zps30aefeaf.png photo fruRstuff_zpsaf5e8f5b.png

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