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From 2013.igem.org

GM-CSF recruits Immune Cells to Site of Infection

CpG Motifs

Synthetic CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides are short single-stranded synthetic DNA molecules that contain a cytosine triphosphate deoxynucleotide ("C)" followed by a guanine triphosphate deoxynucleotide ("G"). Because they are unmethylated, they act as immunostimulants. Because bacterial chassis contain a large number of unmethylated CG motifs in their genome, they provide a strong natural immunostimulant in parallel with antigen delivery.