Team:TU Darmstadt/result/electrical engineering

From 2013.igem.org

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<a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:TU_Darmstadt/result/molecular_engineering">
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<font size="8" color="#F0F8FF" face="Arial regular">Molecular engineering |</font>
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<a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:TU_Darmstadt/result/electrical_engineering">
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<font size="8" color="#F0F8FF" face="Arial regular">Electrical engineering </font>
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Our handheld contains an Arduino Uno Rev3 microcontroler which is connected to a HC-05 bluetooth module.Two LEDs are connected over 100 ohm resistances to digital ports on the Arduino Uno. One of the LEDs emitts radiation with a wavelength of 450 nm permanently during the detection process. The other LED emmits light of a wavelength at 575 nm but works as a photo diode. Sensing details are explained below.  
Our handheld contains an Arduino Uno Rev3 microcontroler which is connected to a HC-05 bluetooth module.Two LEDs are connected over 100 ohm resistances to digital ports on the Arduino Uno. One of the LEDs emitts radiation with a wavelength of 450 nm permanently during the detection process. The other LED emmits light of a wavelength at 575 nm but works as a photo diode. Sensing details are explained below.  
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<b>Detection steps:</b>
 
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Step 1:<br>
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Favorable for light intensity measurements, however, is to operate the LED in reverse direction. Here it behaves like a capacitor with a parallel light-dependent current source. The anode is connected to ground and the cathode is connected to an IO port pin of the arduino microcontroller.
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In the detector mode the LED is charged up to +5V very quickly (100-200μs), the charge is the sustained by the<br> inherent capacitance of the diode (typically 10-15 pF).<br>
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Step 2:<br>
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The measurement is done in 3 steps:
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Thence,the pin P1 is switched into the Hi-Z input mode (approximately 1015 ohm resistance).<br>
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Under the reverse bias conditions, a simple equivalent-model for the LED is a capacitor in parallel<br>
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1. LED charging by switching the pins on high and wait.<br>
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connection with a current source iR(Φ), which models the photocurrent, induced by the incident light<br>
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2.Moving the pins in high-impedance input (no pull-up!). The current now flows from the capacitor very slowly via the current source to GND. Therefore, the voltage drops steadily and drops so far that the microcontroller recognizes it as low.<br>
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intensity Φ <br>
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3. The microcontroller measures the time, when the input falls to LOW
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The leakage current iL through the pin P1 (usually 0.002 pA) is insignificant Sensors and their Applications compared<br> to a typical photocurrent iR(Φ) of 50 pA through the diode itself, under the normal ambient lighting.<br> Analytically considered, the discharging process of Cr can be expressed as:<br>
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The shorter the time measured, the higher is the light intensity.
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Light emitting diodes are robust, low-cost, and energy efficient. LEDs cover an increasingly broad spectral range from UV to near infrared.  
Light emitting diodes are robust, low-cost, and energy efficient. LEDs cover an increasingly broad spectral range from UV to near infrared.  
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LEDs can be both light emitters and detectors. For example, a LED that emits greenish-yellow light at the peak wavelength of about 555 nm detects green light at the peak wavelength of about 525 nm and over the spectral width of 50 nm.
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LEDs can be both light emitters and detectors. For example, an LED that emits greenish-yellow light at the peak wavelength of about 555 nm detects green light at the peak wavelength of about 525 nm and over the spectral width of 50 nm.
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Almost every LED is capable to detect a relatively narrow band of wavelengths, with different
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Almost every LED is capable of detecting a relatively narrow band of wavelength, with different
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sensitivity. When a LED is subjected to light, they generate a backwards biased current proportional to the light striking the diode, typical about 50pA.
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sensitivity. When an LED is subjected to light, it generates a backwards biased current, proportional to the light striking the diode, typical about 50pA.
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A precise measurement of the LED photocurrent is possible, using inherent capacitance of diode itself (typically picoFarads) and  microcontroller I/O ports with configurable internal pull-ups states and built-in digital timer-counter.  
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A precise measurement of the LED photocurrent is possible, using inherent capacitance of the diode itself (typically picoFarads) and  microcontroller I/O ports with configurable internal pull-ups states and built-in digital timer-counter.  
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Klick here for our mykotoxin detecor app <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.tudarmstadt.se.igem&hl=de"> App </a>
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Click here for our mycotoxin detector <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.tudarmstadt.se.igem&hl=de"> App </a>
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Graph 1: "Screenshot from an smart phone display"<br>
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<img alt="Choose Mykotoxine" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/8/8e/Screenshot_choose.png" width="200" height="400" align="left">  
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The App offers a choice of various mycotoxins and supplemantary information. Additionally, it features a graphical diagramme of the meassured data. It supports bluetooth as well as usb, and can connect to external databases on previous messurements and analyses.
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<img alt="Plug" src="/wiki/images/e/ee/Screenshot_plug.png" width="200" height="400" align="right"><br>
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<img alt="Plug" src="/wiki/images/e/ee/Screenshot_plug.png" width="200" height="400"><br>
 
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Graph 1: "Screenshot from an smart phone display"<br>
 
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<b>Bluetooth communication:</b><br>
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<b>Bluetooth communication:</b><br>
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Für unseren Handheld verwenden wir, ein HC-05 Bluetooth modul von der Frima LC Technology. Diese Modul ist in Verbindung zu Ardunio Boards einfach konfigurien und besitzt einen geringen Preis. Das HC-05 bietet die Möglichkeit Daten an ein anderes Blutoothgerät zu senden und zu empfangen.
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For our handheld we use a HC-05 module from Frima LC Technology. This module is easy to connect with Arduino boards and, additionally, is low priced. The HC-05 module enables sending and receiving data from and to other devices via bluetooth.
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<img alt="Bluetooth" src="/wiki/images/8/85/Hc-05.jpg" width="250" height="238"> <br>
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<img alt="Bluetooth" src="/wiki/images/8/85/Hc-05.jpg" width="250" height="238" align="right"> <br>
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Graph 1: "Bluetooth device"<br>
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"Bluetooth device"
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Latest revision as of 03:53, 5 October 2013







Molecular engineering | Electrical engineering





Electrical engineering

Handheld development:

Our handheld contains an Arduino Uno Rev3 microcontroler which is connected to a HC-05 bluetooth module.Two LEDs are connected over 100 ohm resistances to digital ports on the Arduino Uno. One of the LEDs emitts radiation with a wavelength of 450 nm permanently during the detection process. The other LED emmits light of a wavelength at 575 nm but works as a photo diode. Sensing details are explained below.
Favorable for light intensity measurements, however, is to operate the LED in reverse direction. Here it behaves like a capacitor with a parallel light-dependent current source. The anode is connected to ground and the cathode is connected to an IO port pin of the arduino microcontroller.
The measurement is done in 3 steps:
1. LED charging by switching the pins on high and wait.
2.Moving the pins in high-impedance input (no pull-up!). The current now flows from the capacitor very slowly via the current source to GND. Therefore, the voltage drops steadily and drops so far that the microcontroller recognizes it as low.
3. The microcontroller measures the time, when the input falls to LOW
The shorter the time measured, the higher is the light intensity.


You can find our arduino code, open soure on the folowing site: Mycotoxin Handheld Arduino code







LED Sensing:

Light emitting diodes are robust, low-cost, and energy efficient. LEDs cover an increasingly broad spectral range from UV to near infrared. LEDs can be both light emitters and detectors. For example, an LED that emits greenish-yellow light at the peak wavelength of about 555 nm detects green light at the peak wavelength of about 525 nm and over the spectral width of 50 nm. Almost every LED is capable of detecting a relatively narrow band of wavelength, with different sensitivity. When an LED is subjected to light, it generates a backwards biased current, proportional to the light striking the diode, typical about 50pA. A precise measurement of the LED photocurrent is possible, using inherent capacitance of the diode itself (typically picoFarads) and microcontroller I/O ports with configurable internal pull-ups states and built-in digital timer-counter.



App development:

Click here for our mycotoxin detector App


Choose Mykotoxine The App offers a choice of various mycotoxins and supplemantary information. Additionally, it features a graphical diagramme of the meassured data. It supports bluetooth as well as usb, and can connect to external databases on previous messurements and analyses. Plug
















Bluetooth communication:

For our handheld we use a HC-05 module from Frima LC Technology. This module is easy to connect with Arduino boards and, additionally, is low priced. The HC-05 module enables sending and receiving data from and to other devices via bluetooth. Bluetooth
"Bluetooth device"










References

  1. G.W.Mitchell and J.W.Hastings: A Stable, Inexpensive, Solid-State Photomultiplier Photometer
    Biological Laboratories, Havard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
    Analytical Biochemistry 39, 243-250 (1971)
  2. Hanwen Yan: An Inexpensive LED-Based Fluorometer Used to Study a Hairpin-Based DNA Nanomachine
    Staples High School, 70 North Avenue, Westport, CT 06880 USA
  3. Nuts and Volts – November 2007
  4. Nuts and Volts – Mai 2013
  5. Forrest M. Mims III: Sun photometer with light-emitting diodes as spectrally selective detectors
    The author is with Science Probe, Inc., 433 Twin Oak Road, Seguin, Texas 78155. Received 21 February 1992. © 1992 Optical Society of America
  6. W J O’Hagan et al.: MHz LED source for nanosecond fluorescence sensing
    Meas. Sci. Technol. 13 (2002) 84–91; Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
  7. Andrew E. Moe: Improvements in LED-based fluorescence analysis systems
    Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500, USA
  8. Radovan Stojanovic and Dejan Karadaglic: An optical sensing approach based on light emitting diodes
    Journal of Physics: Conference Series 76 (2007) 012054