Team:Dundee/Project/Mop

From 2013.igem.org

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<!-- Website Design By: www.happyworm.com -->
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<title>Demo : jPlayer circle player</title>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.kyleharrison.co.uk/igem/digiposter/skin/circle.skin/circle.player.css">
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<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.kyleharrison.co.uk/igem/digiposter/js/jquery.jplayer.min.js"></script>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.kyleharrison.co.uk/igem/digiposter/js/jquery.transform2d.js"></script>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.kyleharrison.co.uk/igem/digiposter/js/jquery.grab.js"></script>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.kyleharrison.co.uk/igem/digiposter/js/mod.csstransforms.min.js"></script>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.kyleharrison.co.uk/igem/digiposter/js/circle.player.js"></script>
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<script type="text/javascript">
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//<![CDATA[
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$(document).ready(function(){
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  /*
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  * Instance CirclePlayer inside jQuery doc ready
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  *
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  * CirclePlayer(jPlayerSelector, media, options)
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  *  jPlayerSelector: String - The css selector of the jPlayer div.
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  *  media: Object - The media object used in jPlayer("setMedia",media).
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  *  options: Object - The jPlayer options.
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  *
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  * Multiple instances must set the cssSelectorAncestor in the jPlayer options. Defaults to "#cp_container_1" in CirclePlayer.
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  *
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  * The CirclePlayer uses the default supplied:"m4a, oga" if not given, which is different from the jPlayer default of supplied:"mp3"
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  * Note that the {wmode:"window"} option is set to ensure playback in Firefox 3.6 with the Flash solution.
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  * However, the OGA format would be used in this case with the HTML solution.
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  */
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  var myCirclePlayer = new CirclePlayer("#jquery_jplayer_1",
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  {
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    m4a: "http://www.kyleharrison.co.uk/igem/digiposter/Introduction.wav",
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  var myCirclePlayer2 = new CirclePlayer("#jquery_jplayer_2",
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    m4a: "http://www.kyleharrison.co.uk/igem/digiposter/BrianStory.wav",
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    var myCirclePlayer3 = new CirclePlayer("#jquery_jplayer_3",
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  {
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    m4a: "http://www.kyleharrison.co.uk/igem/digiposter/ScoobyDoo.wav",
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      <!-- Title -->
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<div class="row">
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<div class="span12">
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          <h2><b>ToxiMop</b> – What it is & how it works </h2>
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<h2> An Introductin by Brian Cox </h2><br>
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<p>The ToxiMop are two bacterial strains that have been designed to clean microcystin from contaminated water. These strains have been engineered to express human PP1, to which microcystin binds covalently, and target it outside the bacterial membrane to allow easy binding of the toxin. This binding inactivates the toxic activity of microcystin, effectively ‘mopping’ it up.</p><br>
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<center><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/2/2b/PosterBanner.jpg" style="height:150px;width:98%;padding-left:20px"></img</center>
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<p>There are currently two chassis in which PP1 is being expressed: <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. These two organisms were selected as they have different membrane layouts and allowed us to take two different approaches to the mop. Localisation of PP1 is mediated via different signal sequences that direct PP1 to the periplasm in <i>E. coli </i>and membrane in <i>B. subtilis</i>.</p><br>
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<p>We considered two protein transport pathways for the transport of PP1 in our mop, the Sec and Tat protein transport pathways. We took these into consideration as Sec deals with unfolded protein (inserts membrane proteins into the inner membrane) and Tat deals with folded protein. In this way we could find out if PP1 was folding correctly in the periplasm by comparing blots of samples using Sec and samples using Tat.</p><br>
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<p>As <i>B. subtilis</i> is Gram positive, PP1 is transported to the membrane. In this instance, export of PP1 is mediated by the Sec protein transport system, towards this aim; we fused PP1 to the PrsA signal sequence. <i>E. coli </i>is Gram negative and PP1 is targeted to the periplasm. Transport of PP1 to the periplasm can be mediated by either the Sec or Tat protein transport systems. For our project, we chose the MalE (Sec) and TorA (Tat) signal sequences.</p><br>
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<strong>Explain Sec and Tat (possible link to NetLogo)</strong>
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<h2>How was toximop made in the lab?</h2>
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<Strong>PP1</strong><br>
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<p>We were kindly gifted a pGEX6P plasmid containing PP1 from the Division of Signal Transduction Therapy at the University of Dundee. </p><br>
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<p>To adhere to the iGEM rules and regulations, it was necessary to remove the specified illegal site present in PP1, Pst1. We introduced a missense mutation through site directed mutagenesis of adenine 900 base to be substituted by cytosine without disturbing the alanine amino acid towards the N terminus of the protein. This was done by designing appropriate primers and a method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR product was digested using restriction endonuclease Dpn1 as it recognises methylated sites, therefore recognising the original sequence and destroying it, leaving only mutated PP1 fragments. It was then cloned into both pUniprom and pSB1C3 plasmids and grown in E.coli DH5α cells. </p><br>
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<p>In order to carry future tests on PP1, we decided to fuse it to a HA-tag (a DNA sequence derived from human influenza hemagglutinin) which can be detected by antibodies. This was carried out  at the C terminus of PP1 by the use of PCR, digestion with XbaI/HindIII (enzyme) and ligation. </p><br><br>
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<strong>Signalling sequences</strong></br>
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<p>TorA is a TMAO reductase. Its signalling sequence is often used in research, as it is a twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway signal and it relies on pre-translocation protein folding in the cytoplasm.  TorAss was obtained from the Division of Molecular Microbiology. </p><br>
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<p>MalE (Maltose binding periplasmic protein) is involved in the high-affinity membrane transport system, MalEFGK, which uses the Secretory transport pathway (Sec). In contrast to Tat, Sec relies on post-translocation protein folding and in some cases it also pushes protein into the inner membrane of bacteria. malEss was obtained by PCR from the chromosomal DNA of E.coli MG1655. </p><br>
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<p>PrsA (penicillin binding protein) is membrane bound and it is present at distinct spots on the membrane forming a helical pattern.  Its main role is to catalyse post-translocation folding of membrane proteins and it is also essential for normal growth of <i>B. subtilis</i> ;  prsAss was  amplified by PCR using appropriate primers from B. Subtillis strain 3610. </p><br>
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<p>All of the signalling sequences were cloned into pUniprom by themselves and after sequencing they were fused at the N-terminus of HA-tagged PP1.  This is only useful for the E.coli ToxiMop, as pUniprom is a plasmid unsuitable for use in <i>B. subtilis</i>. PrsAss-PP1-HA had to be cloned into pDR110 vector, which would then recombine into the AmyE locus of the chromosomal DNA creating the <i>B. subtilis</i> ToxiMop. </p><br>
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          <li><a class="cp-play" tabindex="1">play</a></li>
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          <li><a class="cp-pause" style="display:none;" tabindex="1">pause</a></li> <!-- Needs the inline style here, or jQuery.show() uses display:inline instead of display:block -->
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      </div><p><strong> Introduction</strong> </p></center>
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<h2>Testing the ToxiMop</h2>
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<p>To test the efficiency of the ToxiMop we had to test: expression and cell targeting, binding of microcystin, dialysis bag</p><br>
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<strong>Expression and cell targeting</strong>
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<p>In E. coli, expression of PP1 was tested by cell fractionation of the bacterial strain expressing PP1 fused to a HA tag for Western Blot analysis. </p><br>
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Using cell fractionation we obtained the following fractions from E. coli:<br><Br>
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<ul style="margin-left:55px;">
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<li>Whole Cell Control (sample of overnight) </li>
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<li>Supernatant (to test if PP1 is being secreted) </li>
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<li>Whole Cell</li>
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<li>Periplasm</li>
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<li>Sphaeroplast</li>
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<li>Cytoplasm</li>
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<li>Membrane</li>
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</ul><br>
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<p>These fractions were then used in Western blots to test where in <i>E. coli </i>PP1 is being targeted to.</p><br>
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<p>To determine the best targeting mechanism in E. coli, export of PP1 to the periplasm was tested with MalE (Sec) or TorA (Tat) signal sequence (Figure ). Describe results from western blot.  Since PP1 transport is more efficient via the Tat pathway, the construct pUniprom-TorA(ss) PP1 HA has been used for all further characterization experiments of PP1.</p><br>
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<p>Later blots of only MalE fractions suggested that PP1 was not being exported to the periplasm, but may be getting stuck in the membrane during Sec transport (figure) .</p><br>
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<p>Further characterisation of export via the Tat pathway was carried out by fractionation and blotting of normal wild type cells expressing TorA:PP1:HA versus mutant <i>E. coli </i>cells that do not have a Tat pathway (∆Tat) expressing TorA:PP1:HA.</p><br>
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<h2>Application</h2>
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<p> <strong>Insert Text here </strong></p>
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          <li><a class="cp-play" tabindex="1">play</a></li>
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          <li><a class="cp-pause" style="display:none;" tabindex="1">pause</a></li> <!-- Needs the inline style here, or jQuery.show() uses display:inline instead of display:block -->
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        </ul>
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      </div><p><strong> Personal Story</strong> </p></center>
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<centeR>
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        <p class="muted credit"> Created for <a href="https://igem.org/Main_Page">iGEM 2013</a> Dundee. Based upon <a href ="http://twitter.github.io/bootstrap/">Bootstrap</a> and <a href="http://jquery.com/">JQuery</a>. Design by <a href="www.kyleharrison.co.uk"> Kyle Harrison </a>. </p>
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        <div class="cp-circle-control"></div>
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        <ul class="cp-controls">
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          <li><a class="cp-play" tabindex="1">play</a></li>
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          <li><a class="cp-pause" style="display:none;" tabindex="1">pause</a></li> <!-- Needs the inline style here, or jQuery.show() uses display:inline instead of display:block -->
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        </ul>
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       </div><p><strong> What is Synthetic Biology?</strong> </p></center>
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</div>
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Latest revision as of 00:08, 5 October 2013

iGEM Dundee 2013 · ToxiMop

Dundee 2013

Demo : jPlayer circle player

An Introductin by Brian Cox


Introduction

Personal Story

What is Synthetic Biology?

Retrieved from "http://2013.igem.org/Team:Dundee/Project/Mop"