Team:UNITN-Trento/Project/Methyl Salicylate

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Results - Methyl Salicylate

B. fruity needs also a fruit ripening ihnibitor. It was difficult to find a volatile molecule that could be enzymatically produced by a bacteria and also demonstrated to be an efficient ripening inhbitor. There were not many candidates to choose from and after a long search we chose methyl salicylate (MeSA). Previous publications suggested that MeSA inhibits the ripening of kiwifruit (Aghdam M. et al., Journal of Agricultural Science. June 2011, Vol. 3, 2, pp. 149-156) and tomatoes, at a concentration of 0.5 mM (Ding, C. and Wang, Plant Science 2003, Y. 164 pp. 589-596).

We were happy to find out that many of the needed parts were already available in the registry. These parts were initally built by the MIT 2006 iGEM team for the project Eau de coli.

Figure 1: In this picture is shown the pathway that was exploited to produce Methyl Salicyalte. The precursor is the chorismate, a metabolic intermediate of the Shikimate pathway which many plants and bacteria (like E.coli and B.subtilis ) have. The chorismate undergoes firstly a reaction of isomerization by the isochorismate synthase, PchA and then the salicylate is obtained by the action of PchB an isochorismate pyruvate lyase. Both enzymes are from the micro-organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa . In the final part of the reaction, BMST1, a methyltransferase, transfer a methyl group from the S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthesized by the SAM synthetase.

We modified and improved these parts and resubmitted them to the registry. For example we substituted the pTet promoter controlling the BSMT1 enzyme with an araC-pBAD promoter. Additionally the MIT team did not include in their MeSA generator device the enzyme SAM synthetase, that we hope will boost MeSA production. We also have re-submitted in pSB1C3 the single enzymes of the pathway.

MeSA detection

MeSA is an highly volatile liquid with a distinct smell similar to mint. We exploited this physical property to quantify the production of MeSA by gas chromatography using a Finnigan Trace GC ULTRA connected to a flame ionization detector (FID). This kind of instrument, is able to detect ions formed during MeSA combustion in a hydrogen flame. The generation of this ions is proportional to MeSA concentration in the sample stream. A calibration curve was initially created using samples with a well known pure MeSA concentration (0 mM, 0.2 mM, 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, 2 mM).

NEB10β cells transformed with BBa_K1065102 were grown in M9 medium, induced with 5 mM arabinose and in some cases supplemented with salicylic acid. All gas chromatography measurments were done in liquid phase, by injecting 1 ml of pre-filtered culture in the instrument.

Figure 2: induced sample produces MeSA. A culture transformed with BBa_K1065102 was grown until O.D. 0.6 was reached. The culture was then splitted in 2 samples and one was induced with 5 mM arabinose. 2 mM salycilic acid was added to these samples. After 4 h the samples were connected to the Gas Chromatograph. The induced sample (blue trace) shows the characteristic peak of methyl salicylate, as opposed to non induced cells (red trace).

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-			Fortunately many of the needed parts were already available because of the work of the <a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:MIT/2006/Blurb">MIT iGEM 2006 team (<i>Eau de Coli</i>)</a>.
+			We were happy to find out that many of the needed parts were already available in the registry. These parts were initally built by the MIT 2006 iGEM team for the project <a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:MIT/2006/Blurb"><i>Eau de coli</i></a>.</p>
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 <img id="mesapath" style= "margin-bottom: 1em"; src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/d/dd/Tn-2013_MeSA_path.jpg"/>
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-			We modified and improved these parts and resubmitted them to the registry, as they were not available in pSB1C3.
+			We modified and improved these parts and resubmitted them to the registry. For example we substituted the pTet promoter controlling the BSMT1 enzyme with an araC-pBAD promoter. Additionally the MIT team did not include in their MeSA generator device the enzyme SAM synthetase, that we hope will boost MeSA production. We also have re-submitted in pSB1C3 the single enzymes of the pathway.
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 		<span class="tn-subtitle">MeSA detection</span>
 		<p>
-			To have a quantitative analysis we used a Finnigan Trace GC ULTRA with a <b>flame ionization detector</b> (FID) that allowed us to detect ions formed during MeSA combustion in a hydrogen flame. The generation of this ions is proportional to MeSA concentration in the sample stream. A calibration curve was initially created using samples with a well known pure MeSA concentration (0 mM, 0.2 mM, 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, 2 mM).
+			MeSA is an highly volatile liquid with a distinct smell similar to mint. We exploited this physical property to quantify the production of MeSA by gas chromatography using a Finnigan Trace GC ULTRA connected to a <b>flame ionization detector</b> (FID). This kind of instrument, is able to detect ions formed during MeSA combustion in a hydrogen flame. The generation of this ions is proportional to MeSA concentration in the sample stream. A calibration curve was initially created using samples with a well known pure MeSA concentration (0 mM, 0.2 mM, 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, 2 mM).
 		</p>
                        <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/4/4f/Tn-2013_Taratura_MeSA.jpg">
+NEB10&beta; cells transformed with <a href="">BBa_K1065102</a> were grown in M9 medium, induced with 5 mM arabinose and in some cases supplemented with salicylic acid. All gas chromatography measurments were done in liquid phase, by injecting 1 ml of pre-filtered culture in the instrument.
-Then many measuraments were done with the instruments on different samples.
 		<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/d/d4/Induced_sample_produce_MeSA.png">
-		<span class="tn-caption center" style="text-align:justify;"><b>Figure 2:</b> induced sample produces MeSA. A culture transformed with <a href="">BBa_K1065102</a> was grown until O.D. 0.6 was reached. The culture was then splitted in 2 samples and one was induced with 5 mM arabinose. 2 mM salycilic acid was added to both samples. After 4 h the samples were connected to the Gas Chromatograph and a measure was taken. The chromatogram clearly shows how induced sample has a characteristic peak corresponding to methyl-salycilate.</span>
+		<span class="tn-caption center" style="text-align:justify;"><b>Figure 2:</b> induced sample produces MeSA. A culture transformed with <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1065102">BBa_K1065102</a> was grown until O.D. 0.6 was reached. The culture was then splitted in 2 samples and one was induced with 5 mM arabinose. 2 mM salycilic acid was added to these samples. After 4 h the samples were connected to the Gas Chromatograph. The induced sample (blue trace) shows the characteristic peak of methyl salicylate, as opposed to non induced cells (red trace).</span>
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