Synthetic organophosphorus (OP) compounds have been used worldwide as pesticides, petroleum additives and plasticizers. More than 100 OPs are in use worldwide, accounting for 38% of total pesticide usage.
Organophosphorus pesticides are high efficiency, rapid effectiveness and great appliance at the beginning. They can also be degraded in one or two months under the natural condition. However, the residues of organophosphorus pesticides are often reported in different countries. And, as a result of excessive and continuous use, many terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems across the world are contaminated with OP compounds.
In China, The investigation indicates that OPs contamination in the Yellow River, Huaihe River, Liaohe River, and Haihe River basins of north China should be of particular concern. When compared with other regions of the world, it appears that the Chinese surface water is some moderately polluted by dimethoate, methyl parathion, malathion, parathion and contaminated by dichlorvos and demeton in a certain degree.
We see them as pollutants because of their toxicity. These compounds irreversibly inhibit acetylcholine degradation in the human body and can kill quickly by causing persistent and uncontrolled muscle stimulation.
There are some methods to analyze OP residues and degrade OP, but these methods are complicated and expensive. So, this year, we focused on biosensor and biodegradation of OP.
We choose the parathion as the representative of the organophosphorus compounds, which is less toxic and less volatile than many nerve agents.