Team:NYMU-Taipei/Project

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{{:Team:NYMU-Taipei/Header}}
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{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#0c6;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="1" bordercolor="#fff" width="62%" align="center"
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!align="center"|[[Team:NYMU-Taipei|Home]]
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!align="center"|[[Team:NYMU-Taipei/Team|Team]]
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!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2013&team_name=NYMU-Taipei Official Team Profile]
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.suiside {
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!align="center"|[[Team:NYMU-Taipei/Project|Project]]
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!align="center"|[[Team:NYMU-Taipei/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]
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!align="center"|[[Team:NYMU-Taipei/Modeling|Modeling]]
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!align="center"|[[Team:NYMU-Taipei/Notebook|Notebook]]
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!align="center"|[[Team:NYMU-Taipei/Safety|Safety]]
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!align="center"|[[Team:NYMU-Taipei/Attributions|Attributions]]
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<h2 class="map-tytle">
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Project Design Map
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<h3>
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Use the Clicks inside To See How Our Bee. coli Works！
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<div class="map">
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  <div class="enter">
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    <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:NYMU-Taipei/Project/Enter">
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    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/9/98/NYMU-Enter.jpg" ></img>
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    <h3 class="tag" style="float: left; margin-left: 5px; padding-top: 160px;">Enter of Bee.coli</h3>
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    <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:NYMU-Taipei/Project/Inhibition/Prohibition">
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    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/8/89/NYMU-Sensor.jpg" ></img>
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    <h3 class="tag" style="padding-top: 130px;">Prohibiting Sprouting</h3>
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    </a>
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== '''Overall project''' ==
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    <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:NYMU-Taipei/Project/Inhibition/Sensor">
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    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/b/bf/NYMU-Prohibit.jpg" ></img>
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    <h3 class="tag" style="margin-top= 10px;">Sensing Nosema</h3>
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    </a>
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  <div class="kill">
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In hope of protecting the eco-system, food supply and agricultural economy, the goal of our project is to solve the Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), a severe disease that causes bees to dramatically decline or disappear. Since the culprit of CCD is a microsporidian called ''Nosema ceranae'', we created Bee. coli to strengthen bees’ immune system and further wipe ''N. ceranae'' out.  
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    <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:NYMU-Taipei/Project/Inhibition/Killing">
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    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/b/b2/NYMU-Kill.jpg"></img>
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    <h3 class="tag" style="padding-top: 50px;">Killing Nosema</h3>
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The dormant stage of ''N. ceranae'' is a long-lived spore which is small enough to be ingested by bees through food or water. When ''N. ceranae'' travels to the bees’ midgut, it will germinate a polar filament to reach the epithelial cells. Midgut cells are then dominated by ''N. ceranae'' and thus bee’s ability to gain nutrition is decreased. In addition, some spores will come out in feces, leading to feces-oral or oral-oral infection in the beehive. ''N. ceranae'' is fatal to bees; however, so far there has been no efficient way to stop this pathogen. This year, we endow Bee. coli with multiple functions to resist the invasion of ''N. ceranae'', hoping to cure CCD and prevent colonial infection.
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    <a href="https://2013.igem.org/Team:NYMU-Taipei/Project/Kill">
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    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/7/77/NYMU-Suiside.jpg"></img>
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    <h3 class="tag">Suicide Solution</h3>
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Bee. coli’s functions are designed to work sequentially. Before ''N. ceranae'' approaches the midgut cells, Bee. coli will secrete mannosidase to inhibit ''N. ceranae'' from growing a polar filament. The epithelial cells will secrete reactive oxygen species (ROS) once being attacked by ''N. ceranae''. ROS will activate promoters containing OxyR binding site in Bee. coli, serving as a signal of ''N. ceranae'' invasion, eventually resulting in Bee. coli producing substances such as defensin and abaecin to kill ''N. ceranae'' while still being safe to bees and Bee. coli itself. Moreover, if the methods above unfortunately fail, Bee. coli will secrete ethanol to kill the single bee, that is to say, to sacrifice few infected bees in order to protect the healthy bees.
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Concerning safety, Bee. coli is designed to commit suicide if it escapes from midgut. Once Bee. coli senses that the pH of the environment is different from that of the midgut, Bee. coli will produce a lysis protein and kill itself. Last but not least, to make Bee. coli more practical for survival, we chose to use ''E. coli'' K-12 MG1655, a bacteria naturally occurring in honeybees' gut. We then use encapsulation to transport Bee. coli into the bee’s midgut. The beekeepers can add the Bee. coli capsules into sugar-water which are then consumed by bees. That way, Bee. coli can come into reality and solve the CCD problem.
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===Backgroud knowledge of ''Nosema ceranae''===
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Honey bee is a social insect and can be divided into several classes – queens, drones, and workers, which can further be classified into field bee (which is responsible for getting honey from the nature) and house bee (which is responsible for cleaning hives). However, a single bee (especially field bee) may fall ill to CCD when it intakes water or food contaminated by ''Nosema ceranae'' spores. What’s worse, CCD may in turn spread to other bees through exchanging substances via mouthparts or feeding food to sacbroods.
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== Project Details==
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After getting into bees’ midgut, Nosema spores will germinate, elongate its polarfilament, and pierce into midgut epithelial cells to transmit its genetic material. After finishing several life cycles, the infected epithelial cells will burst, leading to the spread of Nosema spores to nearby epithelial cells.
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The life cycle of ''Nosema Ceranae'':
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[[File: NYMU_life cycle of N.png|center]]
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The spores of ''Nosema ceranae'':
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[[File: NYMU_99.png|center]]
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=== Part 2 ===
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The method is to let bees ingest the encapsulated ''Bee. coli'', which is suspended in sugar solution and will proliferate in bees’ midgut to build up bees’ immunity.
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===Circuit Regulation===
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<iframe width="420" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/MgXCWuwTfHQ" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
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{{:Team:NYMU-Taipei/Footer}}
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=== The Experiments ===
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=== Part 3 ===
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== Results ==
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Latest revision as of 11:16, 14 October 2013

National Yang Ming University


Project Design Map

Use the Clicks inside To See How Our Bee. coli Works！

Enter of Bee.coli

Prohibiting Sprouting

Sensing Nosema

Killing Nosema

Suicide Solution

Backgroud knowledge of Nosema ceranae

Honey bee is a social insect and can be divided into several classes – queens, drones, and workers, which can further be classified into field bee (which is responsible for getting honey from the nature) and house bee (which is responsible for cleaning hives). However, a single bee (especially field bee) may fall ill to CCD when it intakes water or food contaminated by Nosema ceranae spores. What’s worse, CCD may in turn spread to other bees through exchanging substances via mouthparts or feeding food to sacbroods.

After getting into bees’ midgut, Nosema spores will germinate, elongate its polarfilament, and pierce into midgut epithelial cells to transmit its genetic material. After finishing several life cycles, the infected epithelial cells will burst, leading to the spread of Nosema spores to nearby epithelial cells.

The life cycle of Nosema Ceranae:

NYMU life cycle of N.png

The spores of Nosema ceranae:

NYMU 99.png

The method is to let bees ingest the encapsulated Bee. coli, which is suspended in sugar solution and will proliferate in bees’ midgut to build up bees’ immunity.


Circuit Regulation

Retrieved from "http://2013.igem.org/Team:NYMU-Taipei/Project"