Team:INSA Toulouse/contenu/extras/glossary

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<br>Mauris ac suscipit erat, sit amet blandit lectus. Fusce placerat, lectus at suscipit viverra, lorem lorem mattis turpis, id pharetra velit nunc vitae velit. Etiam ultrices aliquam ligula, sed ultrices nibh vulputate non. Ut dapibus arcu luctus, suscipit urna et, imperdiet magna. Curabitur tristique sed diam non elementum. Sed lectus urna, consequat quis porta eu, ultrices in nunc. Aenean vitae elit neque.</p>
<br>Mauris ac suscipit erat, sit amet blandit lectus. Fusce placerat, lectus at suscipit viverra, lorem lorem mattis turpis, id pharetra velit nunc vitae velit. Etiam ultrices aliquam ligula, sed ultrices nibh vulputate non. Ut dapibus arcu luctus, suscipit urna et, imperdiet magna. Curabitur tristique sed diam non elementum. Sed lectus urna, consequat quis porta eu, ultrices in nunc. Aenean vitae elit neque.</p>
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      <li><span class="spantitle2">Abstraction: </span>a term borrowed from software engineering to indicate the management of complexity inherent to biological parts and the systems made with them. Abstraction simplifies components by hiding, or "black boxing" information, facilitating their use and re-use.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">Biosafety level: </span> de ouf.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">Gros caca: </span> precautions and containment rules for safely working with biological agents in laboratory facilities.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">Cloning: </span>recombinant DNA molecules inserted into a plasmid or virus "vector." The vector must then be introduced into a host cell without killing it.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">Device: </span>an engineered genetic object that produces a human-defined function under specified conditions. Devices are produced by combining one or more standard biological parts.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">DNA Synthesis: </span>chemical assembly of nucleotides in a specified order.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">Gel electrophoresis: </span>the use of current to draw a polymer (like DNA or proteins) through a sieving matrix, separating the polymers by size. Most often agarose is the matrix used for DNA electrophoresis, and polyacrylamide is the matrix used for proteins.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">iGEM: </span> the international Genetically Engineered Machine competition in which teams of undergraduates build living systems from standardized, biological parts.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">Inverter: </span> takes an input signal and produces the opposite output signal, e.g., HIGH input produces LOW output and vice versa. An inverter functions like a Boolean NOT.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">Measurement: </span> the quantitative assessment of a biological function. Measurements can be made of a part, device or system.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">Open Reading Frame (ORF): </span> the DNA pattern of triplet sequences that encode a protein.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">Part: </span>a nucleic acid-encoded biological function.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">PCR: </span>a technique for amplifying DNA of known or unknown sequence. The reactions require only 4 components: DNA to be amplified, oligonucleotide primers to bind sequences flanking the target, dNTPs to polymerize into new DNA chains, and a heat stable polymerase in a buffered solution to carry out the synthesis reaction.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">Plasmid: </span>a circular, double-stranded DNA molecule typically containing a few thousand base pairs that replicates within a cell independently of the chromosomal DNA. Plasmid DNA is easily purified from cells, manipulated using common lab techniques and incorporated into cells.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">Promoter: </span>sequence of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds for initiation of transcription.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">Recombinase: </span>Recombinases are genetic recombination enzymes. DNA recombinases are widely used in multicellular organisms to manipulate the structure of genomes, and to control gene expression. These enzymes, derived from bacteria and fungi, catalyze directionally sensitive DNA exchange reactions between short (30–40 nucleotides) target site sequences that are specific to each recombinase. These reactions enable four basic functional modules, excision/insertion, inversion, translocation and cassette exchange, which have been used individually or combined in a wide range of configurations to control gene expression.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">Restriction Enzyme: </span>an enzyme that recognizes and cleaves a specific DNA sequence.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">Ribosome Binding Site (RBS): </span> the sequence of RNA to which ribosome binds for initiation of translation.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">Riboswitch: </span>Riboswitch is a regulatory segment of a messenger RNA molecule that binds a small molecule, resulting in a change in production of the proteins encoded by the mRNA. Thus, an mRNA that contains a riboswitch is directly involved in regulating its own activity, in response to the concentrations of its effector molecule. The discovery that modern organisms use RNA to bind small molecules, and discriminate against closely related analogs, expanded the known natural capabilities of RNA beyond its ability to code for proteins, catalyze reactions, or to bind other RNA or protein macromolecules.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">Standardization: </span>a series of assembly and characterization rules. In time, these standards may allow the reliable physical and functional assembly of genetic parts into devices, and devices into systems.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">Transcription: </span> the reaction that converts of DNA-templated information to RNA. This reaction is catalyzed by one of several RNA polymerases.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">Transcriptional Terminator: </span>a sequence of DNA that signals the RNA polymerase to cease the synthesis of RNA. Terminator sequences are often inverted repeats in the DNA that fold into stem-loop structures, leading the RNA polymerase to pause and leave the DNA it is transcribing.</li>
 +
      <li><span class="spantitle2">Translation: </span> the reaction that converts RNA-templated information to protein. This reaction is catalyzed by ribosomes.</li>
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Revision as of 13:46, 19 September 2013

logo


Glossary

Abstract

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut et dolor turpis. Suspendisse interdum, dolor eu ultricies dignissim, arcu sapien placerat quam, ut bibendum lorem nibh id magna. Nunc condimentum lectus at diam tempus sodales. Nullam scelerisque auctor tellus, nec auctor ante elementum sit amet. Aenean venenatis velit eget porttitor laoreet. Aliquam aliquam libero in ante imperdiet vehicula. Donec nibh urna, tincidunt quis condimentum at, tempus sed sapien. Nunc elit dui, dignissim tincidunt mi non, ultrices ultricies erat.

lorem ipsum

Mauris ac suscipit erat, sit amet blandit lectus. Fusce placerat, lectus at suscipit viverra, lorem lorem mattis turpis, id pharetra velit nunc vitae velit. Etiam ultrices aliquam ligula, sed ultrices nibh vulputate non. Ut dapibus arcu luctus, suscipit urna et, imperdiet magna. Curabitur tristique sed diam non elementum. Sed lectus urna, consequat quis porta eu, ultrices in nunc. Aenean vitae elit neque.

lorem ipsum

Mauris ac suscipit erat, sit amet blandit lectus. Fusce placerat, lectus at suscipit viverra, lorem lorem mattis turpis, id pharetra velit nunc vitae velit. Etiam ultrices aliquam ligula, sed ultrices nibh vulputate non. Ut dapibus arcu luctus, suscipit urna et, imperdiet magna. Curabitur tristique sed diam non elementum. Sed lectus urna, consequat quis porta eu, ultrices in nunc. Aenean vitae elit neque.

  • Abstraction: a term borrowed from software engineering to indicate the management of complexity inherent to biological parts and the systems made with them. Abstraction simplifies components by hiding, or "black boxing" information, facilitating their use and re-use.
  • Biosafety level: de ouf.
  • Gros caca: precautions and containment rules for safely working with biological agents in laboratory facilities.
  • Cloning: recombinant DNA molecules inserted into a plasmid or virus "vector." The vector must then be introduced into a host cell without killing it.
  • Device: an engineered genetic object that produces a human-defined function under specified conditions. Devices are produced by combining one or more standard biological parts.
  • DNA Synthesis: chemical assembly of nucleotides in a specified order.
  • Gel electrophoresis: the use of current to draw a polymer (like DNA or proteins) through a sieving matrix, separating the polymers by size. Most often agarose is the matrix used for DNA electrophoresis, and polyacrylamide is the matrix used for proteins.
  • iGEM: the international Genetically Engineered Machine competition in which teams of undergraduates build living systems from standardized, biological parts.
  • Inverter: takes an input signal and produces the opposite output signal, e.g., HIGH input produces LOW output and vice versa. An inverter functions like a Boolean NOT.
  • Measurement: the quantitative assessment of a biological function. Measurements can be made of a part, device or system.
  • Open Reading Frame (ORF): the DNA pattern of triplet sequences that encode a protein.
  • Part: a nucleic acid-encoded biological function.
  • PCR: a technique for amplifying DNA of known or unknown sequence. The reactions require only 4 components: DNA to be amplified, oligonucleotide primers to bind sequences flanking the target, dNTPs to polymerize into new DNA chains, and a heat stable polymerase in a buffered solution to carry out the synthesis reaction.
  • Plasmid: a circular, double-stranded DNA molecule typically containing a few thousand base pairs that replicates within a cell independently of the chromosomal DNA. Plasmid DNA is easily purified from cells, manipulated using common lab techniques and incorporated into cells.
  • Promoter: sequence of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds for initiation of transcription.
  • Recombinase: Recombinases are genetic recombination enzymes. DNA recombinases are widely used in multicellular organisms to manipulate the structure of genomes, and to control gene expression. These enzymes, derived from bacteria and fungi, catalyze directionally sensitive DNA exchange reactions between short (30–40 nucleotides) target site sequences that are specific to each recombinase. These reactions enable four basic functional modules, excision/insertion, inversion, translocation and cassette exchange, which have been used individually or combined in a wide range of configurations to control gene expression.
  • Restriction Enzyme: an enzyme that recognizes and cleaves a specific DNA sequence.
  • Ribosome Binding Site (RBS): the sequence of RNA to which ribosome binds for initiation of translation.
  • Riboswitch: Riboswitch is a regulatory segment of a messenger RNA molecule that binds a small molecule, resulting in a change in production of the proteins encoded by the mRNA. Thus, an mRNA that contains a riboswitch is directly involved in regulating its own activity, in response to the concentrations of its effector molecule. The discovery that modern organisms use RNA to bind small molecules, and discriminate against closely related analogs, expanded the known natural capabilities of RNA beyond its ability to code for proteins, catalyze reactions, or to bind other RNA or protein macromolecules.
  • Standardization: a series of assembly and characterization rules. In time, these standards may allow the reliable physical and functional assembly of genetic parts into devices, and devices into systems.
  • Transcription: the reaction that converts of DNA-templated information to RNA. This reaction is catalyzed by one of several RNA polymerases.
  • Transcriptional Terminator: a sequence of DNA that signals the RNA polymerase to cease the synthesis of RNA. Terminator sequences are often inverted repeats in the DNA that fold into stem-loop structures, leading the RNA polymerase to pause and leave the DNA it is transcribing.
  • Translation: the reaction that converts RNA-templated information to protein. This reaction is catalyzed by ribosomes.
  • Gros caca
  • Maecenas a lorem augue, egestas
  • Cras vitae felis at lacus ele
  • Etiam auctor diam pellentesque
  • Nulla ac massa at dolor
  • Quisque at massa ipsum
  • Maecenas a lorem augue, egestas
  • Cras vitae felis at lacus ele
  • Etiam auctor diam pellentesque
  • Nulla ac massa at dolor
  • BITE
  • Maecenas a lorem augue, egestas
  • Cras vitae felis at lacus ele
  • Etiam auctor diam pellentesque
  • Nulla ac massa at dolor
  • Quisque at massa ipsum
  • Maecenas a lorem augue, egestas
  • Cras vitae felis at lacus ele
  • Etiam auctor diam pellentesque
  • Nulla ac massa at dolor

TITRE 3 lorem ipsum

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut et dolor turpis. Suspendisse interdum, dolor eu ultricies dignissim, arcu sapien placerat quam, ut bibendum lorem nibh id magna. Nunc condimentum lectus at diam tempus sodales. Nullam scelerisque auctor tellus, nec auctor ante elementum sit amet. Aenean venenatis velit eget porttitor laoreet. Aliquam aliquam libero in ante imperdiet vehicula. Donec nibh urna, tincidunt quis condimentum at, tempus sed sapien. Nunc elit dui, dignissim tincidunt mi non, ultrices ultricies erat.

TR Title TR Title TR Title
Quisque Maecenas a lorem augue Maecenas a lorem augue
Quisque Maecenas a lorem augue Maecenas a lorem augue
Quisque Maecenas a lorem augue Maecenas a lorem augue
Quisque Maecenas a lorem augue Maecenas a lorem augue

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