Natural Parts

We offer several natural parts to the library. Firstly, three modules from the Tyrocidine cluster from B. parabrevis that are specific for three different amino acids: BBa_K1152000 (tycA) for Phenylalanine, BBa_K1152001 (tycB1) for Proline and BBa_K1152003 (tycC6) for Leucine. Secondly, we have submitted the Indigiodine synthetase indC from P. luminescens (cds: BBa_K1152008, integratable device: BBa_K1152013). And thirdly, we offer a collection of PPTases (see image) which are required enzymes in order to activate NRPSs and turn them from the apo- into the hoho-form: BBa_K1152009, BBa_K1152010, BBa_K1152011, BBa_K1152012.

We propose BBa_K1152013 as Best new BioBrick Part, Natural, because it encodes the original NRPS module from Photorhabdus luminescens capable of synthesizing Indigoidine, which offers the opportunity to combining it with modules from other NRPSs to yield fusion peptides with a blue pigment tag. Accompanying this BioBrick, we propose two standards (RFC 99 & RFC 100) and established protocols which allow for BioBrick assembly or Gibson assembly and through this to a high-throughput creation of synthesized, tagged peptides. Besides this, Indigoidine is belived to have antimicrobial and anti-cancerous effects.

We used Indigoidine in the subprojects that were dealing with the tagging of NPRs and, in the course of this, characterized its functionality thoroughly. Hence more information on Indigoidine is available on the Peptide-Tagging page and the Tag-Optimization page.

Engineered Parts

We built different BioBricks in the course of investigating the modularity of NRPS. We offer two novel Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases, one which is an assembly line for a Proline-Leucine Dipeptide (BBa_K1152004), the other one is a synthetase for a Phenylalanine-Ornithine-Leucine Tripeptide (BBa_K1152005). You can learn more about these parts on our Synthetic Peptides page.

Besides this, we created an inter-species fusion-peptide of the TycC4-module and the Indigoidine synthetase IndC, thereby giving a proof of concept for both, inter-species flexibility of modules and domains, and tagging of short peptides with the blue pigment Indigoidine. This is explained in detail on our Peptide-Tagging page and in the parts' registry: BBa_K1152006.

Furthermore, we created several synthetic variants of the IndC-module by introducing a T-domain from another synthetase or by introducing entirely synthetic T-domains: BBa_K1152015, BBa_K1152016, BBa_K1152017, BBa_K1152018, BBa_K1152019, BBa_K1152020. We propose this set of parts as Best Parts Collection as they represent a valuable ensemble of various T-domains with different properties and besides this, proof the extent of flexibility of NRPS. Being designed semi-rationally based on multiple sequence alignments, we discovered that modified IndC-variants exhibit distinct synthesis rates for Indigoidine depending on the T-domains of this part collection. We therefore used them for Optimization of the Indigoidine-Tag.

During our work with NRPS, we did not only create several synthetic parts in order to characterize and improve the efficiency of Indigoidine and synthesize new peptides, but also improved the parts BBa_K802006 and BBa_K302010, which encode for sfp (a PPTase) from Bacillus subtilis but were deviating in three amino acids from the sequence published on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). We therefore propose BBa_K1152009 as Most Improved Registry Part, because it encodes for sfp, a 4'-Phosphopanthetheinyl-transferase (PPTase) crucial for the activation of T-domains and contains the aforementionned three divergent amino acids. It is the first BioBrick in the registry that is explicitly encoding sfp, and it is annotated and characterized. Learn more about PPTases and their characterization on the Tag-Optimization page!

Engineered Devices